Ursolic acid ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage in the brain of senescent mice induced by d-galactose
Jun LuInvalid Link Removed[SUP], [/SUP]Invalid Link Removed, Yuan-Lin ZhengInvalid Link Removed[SUP], [/SUP]Invalid Link RemovedInvalid Link Removed[SUP], [/SUP][SUP]Invalid Link Removed[/SUP][SUP], [/SUP][SUP]Invalid Link Removed[/SUP], Dong-Mei WuInvalid Link Removed, Lan LuoInvalid Link Removed, Dong-Xu SunInvalid Link Removed, Qun ShanInvalid Link Removed
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[TD="class: authorSup"][SUP]a[/SUP][/TD]
[TD="class: authorAddr"]Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China[/TD]
[TD="class: authorSup"][SUP]b[/SUP][/TD]
[TD="class: authorAddr"]Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China[/TD]
[TD="class: authorSup"][SUP]c[/SUP][/TD]
[TD="class: authorAddr"]Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China[/TD]
Received 11 June 2007; Accepted 2 July 2007. Available online 10 July 2007.
[h=3]Abstract[/h]Ursolic acid (UA), a pentracyclic triterpene, is reported to have an antioxidant activity. Here we assessed the protective effect of UA against the d-galactose (d-gal)-induced neurotoxicity. We found that UA markedly reversed the d-gal induced learning and memory impairment by behavioral tests. The following antioxidant defense enzymes were measured: superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). The content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was also analyzed. Our results indicated that the neuroprotective effect of UA against d-gal induced neurotoxicity might be caused, at least in part, by the increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes with a reduction in lipid peroxidation. And UA also inhibited the activation of caspase-3 induced by d-gal. Furthermore, we found that UA significantly increased the level of growth-associated protein GAP43 in the brain of d-gal-treated mice. These results suggest that the pharmacological action of UA may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related conditions.
Abbreviations: CAT, catalase; Ctrl, control; d-gal, d-galactose; GAP43, growth associated protein 43; GR, glutathione reductase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutases; UA, Ursolic acid
Keywords: Ursolic acid; d-Galactose; ROS; Behavior; Antioxidant enzyme; Caspase-3; GAP43
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