What's your COVID-19 gameplan?

Jiigzz said:
In case you're interested in the mutation side, visit: nautilus.us/issue/83/intelligence/how-genetic-mutations-turned-the-coronavirus-deadly
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I understand this, and actually they say it's 2 viruses that came together in one host. That's how it became the strain it is.
 
Godstrength said:
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Of course you shouldn't "just let the vulnerable and elderly die" but nothing is going to stop that. We can only all do our part to limit the spread which is extremely difficult considering it's airborne and can survive for days in the atmosphere.
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I'm glad others already corrected that it is mutating. It's a virus; it's what they do. But airborne and survive for days in the atmosphere?! It's possible that it could go airborne, but nothing has shown it to spread that way yet. It's an aerosol and might survive for a few hours that way under very special conditions.
 
For the curious, New Yorks mortality is currently at 1.6% based on confirmed cases (965 deaths and 59000 total cases).
 
Mortality Rate thus far in the USA is 1.7% with 121,959 confirmed cases.

This is just absurd and of course it's in Tampon, FL.

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For those interested in this kind of stuff, this particular issue of cosmos is a really good read in regards to superbugs. Doesn't really pertain to viruses so much, but more for bugs that are becoming resistant to antibiotics.
 
justhere4comm said:
Mortality Rate thus far in the USA is 1.7% with 121,959 confirmed cases.

This is just absurd and of course it's in Tampon, FL.

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I just checked their website, and they said they're not closing, and deemed themselves an essential service, which isn't how that works.

They claimed placing a limit on the number of visitors at one time is a violation of the separation of Church and state, but that's not how that works either. By that logic, building codes and occupancy limits are also a violation of the separation of church and state. See how asinine that is? Laws still apply to Churches; that's not what it means you bunch of dolts.

They also horribly perverted every scripture they referenced in their justification to stay open.

If Jesus was around today, well, he'd tell people to listen to the government (there are multiple verses about this) and stay home, but if he went to this cult masquerading as a Church, he'd be flipping tables in it like he did with the Temples in the Bible.

This Church is reprehensible, and a mockery of everything that Jesus taught and represents.

Edit: and before someone accuses me of being anti-Christian, note that I am not, and actually am fairly well-read and versed in Christian theology.

For a decent period of time, I went to Church multiple times a week, including Bible study/analysis session, have done extensive academic research on the Bible, the history and context of Biblical canon, and have read multiple books by some of the most influential Christian theologians and figures in history. So I'm not just bashing Christianity as a whole, but bashing this specific "Church" for their specific actions and asinine justifications for said actions.
 
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muscleupcrohn said:
I just checked their website, and they said they're not closing, and deemed themselves an essential service, which isn't how that works.

They claimed placing a limit on the number of visitors at one time is a violation of the separation of Church and state, but that's not how that works either. By that logic, building codes and occupancy limits are also a violation of the separation of church and state. See how asinine that is? Laws still apply to Churches; that's not what it means you bunch of dolts.

They also horribly perverted every scripture they referenced in their justification to stay open.

If Jesus was around today, well, he'd tell people to listen to the government (there are multiple verses about this) and stay home, but if he went to this cult masquerading as a Church, he'd be flipping tables in it like he did with the Temples in the Bible.

This Church is reprehensible, and a mockery of everything that Jesus taught and represents.

Edit: and before someone accuses me of being anti-Christian, note that I am not, and actually am fairly well-read and versed in Christian theology.

For a decent period of time, I went to Church multiple times a week, including Bible study/analysis session, have done extensive academic research on the Bible, the history and context of Biblical canon, and have read multiple books by some of the most influential Christian theologians and figures in history. So I'm not just bashing Christianity as a whole, but bashing this specific "Church" for their specific actions and asinine justifications for said actions.
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as a Christian I agree with everything but the name calling....JESUS according to his teachings would want people to obey the law.
 
thebigt said:
as a Christian I agree with everything but the name calling....JESUS according to his teachings would want people to obey the law.
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You mean you don't think I should be calling these people dolts or a cult? Didn't Jesus say something about judging a tree from its fruits? These "Christians'" fruits are rotten. They lost the right to be called "Christians" when they willfully potentially expose thousands of people to COVID-19.

Unless I'm misunderstanding what you're saying here?
 
To paraphrase the Stoic philosopher, Epictetus, if we see a man claim to be a carpenter but he has no idea how to use a hammer, we rightfully say "this man is no carpenter." We do not say "see, carpentry is useless." However, in the case of philosophy (or religion), when we see someone proclaim to be a philosopher (or Christian) behaving in a way that is at odds with the philosophy (or religion) they claim to live by, we are so quick to say "see, philosophy (or religion) is worthless," when we should, as we did with the false-carpenter, say "this man is no philosopher (or Christian)."
 
thebigt said:
as a Christian I agree with everything but the name calling....JESUS according to his teachings would want people to obey the law.
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I agree.
 
my bands from VT grips snapped today using too much resistance. They're really weak bands. I mentioned this to the owner after it happened

I have some dumbbells, triceps bar, weights, and a barbell. I ordered a bench off amazon
 
muscleupcrohn said:
To paraphrase the Stoic philosopher, Epictetus, if we see a man claim to be a carpenter but he has no idea how to use a hammer, we rightfully say "this man is no carpenter." We do not say "see, carpentry is useless." However, in the case of philosophy (or religion), when we see someone proclaim to be a philosopher (or Christian) behaving in a way that is at odds with the philosophy (or religion) they claim to live by, we are so quick to say "see, philosophy (or religion) is worthless," when we should, as we did with the false-carpenter, say "this man is no philosopher (or Christian)."
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lol...I wonder what he had to say about 'bad fruit' philosopher's?

'bad friuts' in every walk of life....some are merely misguided some are just plain bad.
 
thebigt said:
lol...I wonder what he had to say about 'bad fruit' philosopher's?

'bad friuts' in every walk of life....some are merely misguided some are just plain bad.
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What? I’d wager Epictetus lived a more “Christian” life than 99.99999% of self-proclaimed Christians. Hell, Christians loved the Stoic philosophy for a time because a ton of it was directly compatible with Christian theology.

And not all “bad fruit” is equal. A Christian May claim that homosexuality between two consenting adults is “bad fruit,” but it’s not putting anyone’s actual life in danger like these assholes are. Do you know how many people they’re potentially exposing? How many potentially vulnerable people? It’s one thing to be “misguided,” it’s another thing entirely to be “misguided” and put other people’s lives at risk.

I’d highly recommend you read “The Good Heart.” It’s a book about the discussions on Christianity and Buddhism between the Dalai Llama and the Catholic Priest Laurence Freeman. It discusses both Christianity and Buddhism, how they are similar, how they are different, because they are different, what we can learn from eachother, and how we can apply some ideas and lessons from other faiths. In short, plenty of Buddhists or philosophers exemplify the teachings of Jesus incredibly well, and some Christians exemplify the teachings of Buddhism incredibly well. What makes you think Epictetus was a “bad fruit” philosopher? Just can’t handle me bashing even a subset of asinine, delusional, cultists claiming to be Christians? You have to find a way to bash philosophy too?
 
Godstrength said:
Pretty sure I had it a few weeks ago just wasn't tested for it. Not only me but about a third of the people at my work we're all sick with it I believe. Over 80% of the people only experience mild symptoms. People that are dying have underlying conditions primarily. Yes I'm fairly certain that 3 to 5% is just not going to happen. I believe it's been in our country for a while and moving around. One of the senator stated that between January and March they know for certain people in our country died with covid 19 and they thought it was the flu or pneumonia.

I think it is dangerous in a pretty bad nasty virus. But I think nasty viruses flus etc have been circulating and kill people everyday. I understand this may be a little bit worse because it's super contagious. However this particular strain does not seem to change as some viruses do so scientists are saying once you get at once you won't be able to catch it again because you'll have antibodies. This virus does not mutate.

That being said I think people panicking and instilling fear is also making everybody act crazy. well I do believe it's serious I just think it's going to have to run its course the people who die will die in the ones who get it will build an immune system and antibodies to protect against it
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Aren’t there like 7 different strains?
 
Trump doesn't like Yamiche Alcindor's question, screams at her, has her mic cut off. Trump later calls on Jeremy Diamond, who then hands the mic to Yamiche Alcindor. Someone give Jeremy Diamond a medal.
 
rugger48 said:
Aren’t there like 7 different strains?
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Yeah but they're so similar they're saying those different strains don't vary at all in effect. It's a slow mutating virus. All the research says the way this virus mutates is actually a good thing developmentally for vaccines and other meds.

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Here's an excerpt from the above article

While researchers caution they're only seeing the tip of the iceberg, the tiny differences between the virus strains suggest shelter-in-place orders are working in some areas and that no one strain of the virus is more deadly than another. They also say it does not appear the strains will grow more lethal as they evolve.

“The virus mutates so slowly that the virus strains are fundamentally very similar to each other,” said Charles Chiu, a professor of medicine and infectious disease at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.
 
muscleupcrohn said:
What? I’d wager Epictetus lived a more “Christian” life than 99.99999% of self-proclaimed Christians. Hell, Christians loved the Stoic philosophy for a time because a ton of it was directly compatible with Christian theology.

And not all “bad fruit” is equal. A Christian May claim that homosexuality between two consenting adults is “bad fruit,” but it’s not putting anyone’s actual life in danger like these assholes are. Do you know how many people they’re potentially exposing? How many potentially vulnerable people? It’s one thing to be “misguided,” it’s another thing entirely to be “misguided” and put other people’s lives at risk.

I’d highly recommend you read “The Good Heart.” It’s a book about the discussions on Christianity and Buddhism between the Dalai Llama and the Catholic Priest Laurence Freeman. It discusses both Christianity and Buddhism, how they are similar, how they are different, because they are different, what we can learn from eachother, and how we can apply some ideas and lessons from other faiths. In short, plenty of Buddhists or philosophers exemplify the teachings of Jesus incredibly well, and some Christians exemplify the teachings of Buddhism incredibly well. What makes you think Epictetus was a “bad fruit” philosopher? Just can’t handle me bashing even a subset of asinine, delusional, cultists claiming to be Christians? You have to find a way to bash philosophy too?
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lol...unfortunately my intention was not for you to go on a rant, if it were I would call your response a big win!!!!

I don't think you even read my post. I wasn't calling your guy a fraud or blasting on philosophy, merely pointing out that there are frauds in every walk of life including religion. and if you recall I agreed with you that those people crowded in that church were in the wrong.
 
thebigt said:
lol...unfortunately my intention was not for you to go on a rant, if it were I would call your response a big win!!!!

I don't think you even read my post. I wasn't calling your guy a fraud or blasting on philosophy, merely pointing out that there are frauds in every walk of life including religion. and if you recall I agreed with you that those people crowded in that church were in the wrong.
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It REALLY sounded like you were deflecting man...

I said that these so-called "Christians" were anything but, and you had to randomly say "well, there are frauds in all walks of life." Yeah, sure, but that's not relevant to this discussion, and I never claimed otherwise. No one in their right mind would suggest that Christianity has, or has ever had, a monopoly on frauds. It's like when someone criticized Obama and someone said "well, what about Bush." Man, what does Bush have to do with this? Criticizing Obama doesn't mean I liked Bush, just like criticizing Christianity doesn't mean I'm saying I love anything/everything else.

I was talking about one specific group of people who are not only in the wrong in a specific and currently occuring instance, but actively endangering the lives of a massive number of people. Not all "frauds" are equally as bad.

And what name-calling isn't justified? What, man, is putting peoples' lives in danger and likely breaking the law to do so not deserving of being called a dolt? I think that's pretty mellow. How about, to quote Jesus, "white-washed tombs?"
 
John Smeton said:
my bands from VT grips snapped today using too much resistance. They're really weak bands. I mentioned this to the owner after it happened

I have some dumbbells, triceps bar, weights, and a barbell. I ordered a bench off amazon
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I just found a bench, Olympic BB, and 200 lbs of weights on Offerup...$600
 
muscleupcrohn said:
It REALLY sounded like you were deflecting man...

I said that these so-called "Christians" were anything but, and you had to randomly say "well, there are frauds in all walks of life." Yeah, sure, but that's not relevant to this discussion, and I never claimed otherwise. No one in their right mind would suggest that Christianity has, or has ever had, a monopoly on frauds. It's like when someone criticized Obama and someone said "well, what about Bush." Man, what does Bush have to do with this? Criticizing Obama doesn't mean I liked Bush, just like criticizing Christianity doesn't mean I'm saying I love anything/everything else.

I was talking about one specific group of people who are not only in the wrong in a specific and currently occuring instance, but actively endangering the lives of a massive number of people. Not all "frauds" are equally as bad.

And what name-calling isn't justified? What, man, is putting peoples' lives in danger and likely breaking the law to do so not deserving of being called a dolt? I think that's pretty mellow. How about, to quote Jesus, "white-washed tombs?"
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whatever floats your boat...STAY SAFE!!!
 
muscleupcrohn said:
You still never clarified what you meant by saying name calling wasn't justified man. Are you really saying I shouldn't call them names when they're endangering the lives of countless people?
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you can do whatever you want... obviously you came for a argument and I am trying to help my employee's with their unemployment claim issues. my time is better spent elsewhere. have a great day and STAY SAFE.:)
 
thebigt said:
you can do whatever you want... obviously you came for a argument and I am trying to help my employee's with their unemployment claim issues. my time is better spent elsewhere. have a great day and STAY SAFE.:)
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Lol, you too buddy. I asked you to clarify what you meant multiple times and you spent more time avoiding answering my questions than you would have just explaining it, but you do you. Every insult I threw at the people who run that Church is far too light. They're scum-of-the-earth.
 
justhere4comm said:
Trump doesn't like Yamiche Alcindor's question, screams at her, has her mic cut off. Trump later calls on Jeremy Diamond, who then hands the mic to Yamiche Alcindor. Someone give Jeremy Diamond a medal.
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Maybe he liked seeing Trump beat her down? Like, "That was great, show me again!"
 
muscleupcrohn said:
Lol, you too buddy. I asked you to clarify what you meant multiple times and you spent more time avoiding answering my questions than you would have just explaining it, but you do you. Every insult I threw at the people who run that Church is far too light. They're scum-of-the-earth.
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we live in a time where people do many evil things...I will reserve scum of the earth for infected young people who would intentionally infect the elderly.
 
thebigt said:
we live in a time where people do many evil things...I will reserve scum of the earth for infected young people who would intentionally infect the elderly.
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What are you on about? There has never been a time when people haven’t done many evil things...

The leaders of this Church are perverting the teachings of Jesus, probably so they can keep lining their pockets, and are putting the lives of probably thousands of people in danger, whether they claim to be doing it “intentionally” or otherwise. Yes, people who intentionally infect others are ALSO scum-of-the-earth, but, to be honest, the leaders of this church will likely ultimately be responsible for infecting orders of magnitude more people than any single of the aforementioned POS young people.
 
muscleupcrohn said:
What are you on about? There has never been a time when people haven’t done many evil things...

The leaders of this Church are perverting the teachings of Jesus, probably so they can keep lining their pockets, and are putting the lives of probably thousands of people in danger, whether they claim to be doing it “intentionally” or otherwise. Yes, people who intentionally infect others are ALSO scum-of-the-earth, but, to be honest, the leaders of this church will likely ultimately be responsible for infecting orders of magnitude more people than any single of the aforementioned POS young people.
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I am like you disappointed in many of todays church leaders....my fear is many are giving ammunition to those who oppose Christianity....I go back to what I said previously---there are bad in every walk of life, if you find a bad doctor it doesn't make medicine as a whole bad

that's all for now, really busy.
 
Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) from Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Molecular Docking Study


Siti Khaerunnisa 1,*, Hendra Kurniawan 2,3*, Rizki Awaluddin 4 , Suhartati Suhartati5 , Soetjipto Soetjipto 1,*

1 Departement of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60132; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Departement of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia, 68121; [email protected]
3 PhD Student, Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine. Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40002; [email protected]
4 Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, 63471; [email protected]
5 Departement of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60225; [email protected]
* Correspondence: [email protected] ; Tel.: +6281233118194 (S.K.); [email protected]; Tel.: +6281331340518 (S.S.); [email protected] ; Tel.: +628113572277 (H.K.)


Abstract: COVID-19, a new strain of coronavirus (CoV), was identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019. No specific therapies are available and investigations regarding COVID-19 treatment are lacking. Liu et al. (2020) successfully crystallised the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro), which is a potential drug target. The present study aimed to assess bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants as potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, using a molecular docking study. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock 4.2, with the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm, to analyse the probability of docking. COVID-19 Mpro was docked with several compounds, and docking was analysed by Autodock 4.2, Pymol version 1.7.4.5 Edu, and Biovia Discovery Studio 4.5. Nelfinavir and lopinavir were used as standards for comparison. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand, nelfinavir, lopinavir, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, epicatechin-gallate, zingerol, gingerol, and allicin were -8.37, -10.72, -9.41, -8.58, -8.47, -8.17, -7.99, - 7.89, -7.83, -7.31, -7.05, -7.24, -6.67, -5.40, -5.38, and -4.03 kcal/mol, respectively. Therefore, nelfinavir and lopinavir may represent potential treatment options, and kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7- glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, and epicatechin-gallate appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.

Keywords: COVID-2019; Mpro; 6LU7; Medicinal Plant Compounds; Docking


1. Introduction

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are an etiologic agent of severe infections in both humans and animals, which can cause disorder not only in the respiratory tract but also in the digestive tract and systemically. Previous studies of CoVs have reported that CoVs can infect certain species of animals, including mammals, avian species, and reptiles [1].

The new strain of CoV was identified at the end of 2019, initially named 2019-nCoV, and emerged during an outbreak in Wuhan, China [2]. The Emergency Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an outbreak in China on January 30, 2020, which was considered to be Preprints (Invalid Link Removed) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 13 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0226.v1 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. 2 of 14 a Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) [3]. Officially, WHO named this CoV COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), on February 11, 2020, based on consultations and collaborations with the World Organization for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [4].

According to the current situational report from WHO, released on February 11, 2020, 43,103 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally, including 2,560 new cases. In China, the number of confirmed cases reached 42,708, including 2,484 new cases, 7,333 severe cases, and 1,017 deaths. Outside of China, 395 cases were confirmed in 24 countries, with 1 death [4].

Currently, no specific therapies for COVID-19 are available and investigations regarding the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking [3]. However, the measures that have been implemented remain limited to preventive and supportive therapies, designed to prevent further complications and organ damage [3]. Some preliminary studies have investigated potential combinations that include the protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir, which is commonly used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, for the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients [5]. Other reported antiviral treatments form human pathogenic CoVs include nucleoside analogues, neuraminidase inhibitors, remdesivir, umifenovir (arbidol), tenofovir disoproxil (TDF), and lamivudine (3TC) [5]. A separate investigation performed by Xu et al. (2020) indicated that among 4 tested drugs (nelfinavir, pitavastatin, perampanel, and praziquantel), nelfinavir was identified as the best potential inhibitor against COVID-19 Mpro , based on binding free energy calculations using the molecular mechanics with generalised Born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) model and solvated interaction energy (SIE) methods [6].

The results from preliminary studies remain unapproved for therapeutic use in clinical settings for the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients [5, 7]. Liu et al. (2020) have successfully crystallised the main protease (Mpro)/chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) from COVID-19, which has been structured and repositioned in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and is accessible by the public. This protease represents a potential target for the inhibition of CoV replication [6].

Environmental factors can greatly influence the secretion of secondary metabolites from tropical plants. Therefore, great attention has been paid to the secondary metabolites secreted by plants in tropical regions that may be developed as medicines [8, 9]. Several compounds, such as flavonoids, from medicinal plants, have been reported to have antiviral bioactivities [10–12]. In the present study, we investigated kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, epicatechin-gallate, zingerol, gingerol, and allicin as potential inhibitor candidates for COVID-19 Mpro . The findings of the present study will provide other researchers with opportunities to identify the right drug to combat COVID-19.
 
Mike Arnold said:
Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) from Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Molecular Docking Study


Siti Khaerunnisa 1,*, Hendra Kurniawan 2,3*, Rizki Awaluddin 4 , Suhartati Suhartati5 , Soetjipto Soetjipto 1,*

1 Departement of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60132; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Departement of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia, 68121; [email protected]
3 PhD Student, Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine. Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40002; [email protected]
4 Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, 63471; [email protected]
5 Departement of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60225; [email protected]
* Correspondence: [email protected] ; Tel.: +6281233118194 (S.K.); [email protected]; Tel.: +6281331340518 (S.S.); [email protected] ; Tel.: +628113572277 (H.K.)


Abstract: COVID-19, a new strain of coronavirus (CoV), was identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019. No specific therapies are available and investigations regarding COVID-19 treatment are lacking. Liu et al. (2020) successfully crystallised the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro), which is a potential drug target. The present study aimed to assess bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants as potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, using a molecular docking study. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock 4.2, with the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm, to analyse the probability of docking. COVID-19 Mpro was docked with several compounds, and docking was analysed by Autodock 4.2, Pymol version 1.7.4.5 Edu, and Biovia Discovery Studio 4.5. Nelfinavir and lopinavir were used as standards for comparison. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand, nelfinavir, lopinavir, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, epicatechin-gallate, zingerol, gingerol, and allicin were -8.37, -10.72, -9.41, -8.58, -8.47, -8.17, -7.99, - 7.89, -7.83, -7.31, -7.05, -7.24, -6.67, -5.40, -5.38, and -4.03 kcal/mol, respectively. Therefore, nelfinavir and lopinavir may represent potential treatment options, and kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7- glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, and epicatechin-gallate appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.

Keywords: COVID-2019; Mpro; 6LU7; Medicinal Plant Compounds; Docking


1. Introduction

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are an etiologic agent of severe infections in both humans and animals, which can cause disorder not only in the respiratory tract but also in the digestive tract and systemically. Previous studies of CoVs have reported that CoVs can infect certain species of animals, including mammals, avian species, and reptiles [1].

The new strain of CoV was identified at the end of 2019, initially named 2019-nCoV, and emerged during an outbreak in Wuhan, China [2]. The Emergency Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an outbreak in China on January 30, 2020, which was considered to be Preprints (Invalid Link Removed) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 13 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0226.v1 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. 2 of 14 a Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) [3]. Officially, WHO named this CoV COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), on February 11, 2020, based on consultations and collaborations with the World Organization for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [4].

According to the current situational report from WHO, released on February 11, 2020, 43,103 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally, including 2,560 new cases. In China, the number of confirmed cases reached 42,708, including 2,484 new cases, 7,333 severe cases, and 1,017 deaths. Outside of China, 395 cases were confirmed in 24 countries, with 1 death [4].

Currently, no specific therapies for COVID-19 are available and investigations regarding the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking [3]. However, the measures that have been implemented remain limited to preventive and supportive therapies, designed to prevent further complications and organ damage [3]. Some preliminary studies have investigated potential combinations that include the protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir, which is commonly used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, for the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients [5]. Other reported antiviral treatments form human pathogenic CoVs include nucleoside analogues, neuraminidase inhibitors, remdesivir, umifenovir (arbidol), tenofovir disoproxil (TDF), and lamivudine (3TC) [5]. A separate investigation performed by Xu et al. (2020) indicated that among 4 tested drugs (nelfinavir, pitavastatin, perampanel, and praziquantel), nelfinavir was identified as the best potential inhibitor against COVID-19 Mpro , based on binding free energy calculations using the molecular mechanics with generalised Born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) model and solvated interaction energy (SIE) methods [6].

The results from preliminary studies remain unapproved for therapeutic use in clinical settings for the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients [5, 7]. Liu et al. (2020) have successfully crystallised the main protease (Mpro)/chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) from COVID-19, which has been structured and repositioned in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and is accessible by the public. This protease represents a potential target for the inhibition of CoV replication [6].

Environmental factors can greatly influence the secretion of secondary metabolites from tropical plants. Therefore, great attention has been paid to the secondary metabolites secreted by plants in tropical regions that may be developed as medicines [8, 9]. Several compounds, such as flavonoids, from medicinal plants, have been reported to have antiviral bioactivities [10–12]. In the present study, we investigated kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, epicatechin-gallate, zingerol, gingerol, and allicin as potential inhibitor candidates for COVID-19 Mpro . The findings of the present study will provide other researchers with opportunities to identify the right drug to combat COVID-19.
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Awesome. I'm always taking curcumin, and should jump back on the green tea sitting in the cupboard just because its good **** anyway.
 
Intermission from CV19

"For those who have lost track, today is Blursday the fortyteenth of Maprilay".

Carry on.
 
So , corona won’t kill me but home training will

I like toying with death
Yes, that’s my squat rack
 

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