surfactants+ phosphotydlecholin = cell lysis
Many results of many studies indicate that nonionic surfactants interact not only with proteins but also with membrane phospholipids by modifying their structure and permeability. As phospholipids are chemically simple compounds, the principles of various surfactant-phospholipid interactions and the character of forces involved are fairly well known.
Surfactants generally increase the permeability of phospholipid membranes and vesicles, causing leakage of compounds with low molecular mass. The loss of ions, amino acids, etc., may result in cell damage or cell death. It is generally accepted that the increased permeability is the result of membrane disruption. Supramolecular surfactants (polyethylene glycol + dicarboxylic acid esters) as well as Triton X-100 readily disrupt egg yolk phosphatidylcholine membranes (32). An increase in permeability has been observed in many model systems: Triton X-100 and some new synthetic surfactants caused leakage from palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles, which are large and unilamellar (33). The concentration and aggregation state of surfactants also exert a considerable effect on their membrane-damaging capacity: monomeric Triton X-100 causes leakage of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles, whereas micellar solutions result in the catastrophic rupture of membrane
well i look into transdermal delivery of lecithin, its seams that phosphtidylecholin can be delivered systematicly, and localy since its amphiphilic.
Localized and systemic drug delivery. Liposomes as drug carriers. Liposomes
have shown great potential as novel drug carriers for
dermal and transdermal systems. Liposomes are microscopic
vesicles composed of membrane-like lipid layers surrounding
an aqueous compartment (23). Phospholipids most often are
used in the preparation of liposomes. Because of the amphiphilic
nature of phospholipids, when they are dispersed in aqueous
solutions they arrange in bilayers, with the fatty-acid tails
(nonpolar) located in the membrane’s interior and the polar
heads pointing outward. One of the advantages of using liposomes
as drug carriers is that both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic
drugs can be incorporated within the lipid bilayers and
aqueous compartment, respectively. They also serve as a reservoir
for the prolonged release of drugs within various skin
layers (23–28), thereby reducing the rapid elimination of drug
into the blood or lymphatic circulation (29). This quality makes
the liposome delivery system useful for treating various skin
disorders. Because they are nongreasy and nontacky, liposomal
preparations are cosmetically acceptable.
Various mechanisms have been proposed for the delivery of
drugs through the skin using liposomes as a drug carrier. In
these systems, liposomes carry a drug in dissolved form to the
skin surface, and their lipid bilayer ruptures as a result !!!!!!
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