1)
As I stated in an earlier thread:
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"The only ingredient that was removed since the first run of Jack3d is theophylline (in the latest version). Originally, theophylline was a part of the methylxanthine complex in Jack3d that would exert it's effects partly via competitive inhibition of cAMP degradation, apart from the synergistic interaction with 1,3-Dimethylamylamine. This change, and the corresponding label changes, were undertaken to match FDA compliance requirements in terms of ingredients and their nomenclature. Back to theophylline. As it turns out, due to the small amount of theophylline originally used, coupled with the fact that caffeine could exert comparable effects in the formula without theophylline, the elimination of theophylline was not at the expense of formula potency. Furthermore, USPLabs took the opportunity of the removal of theophylline to increase the per-scoop amounts of creatine and schizandrol A."
And, in another post, I wrote:
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"It has been severally stated that theophylline was originally part of Jack3d's methylxanthine complex that, collectively exerted effects related to competitive inhibition of cAMP degradation, dose-dependent phosphodiesterase (especially PDE4) inhitition, CNS stimulation (enhanced cortical arousal accompanied by greater focus and delayed fatigue), dose-dependent bronchodilation and improved ventilatory reaction in hypoxic conditions, to name a few. The capacity to induce these effects is shared by methylxantines to different extents. As a consequence, the elimination of theophylline from the blend did not result in any decipherable loss in formula potency, especially given its original per-scoop amount."
Furthermore:
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"Usually, supplement designers do not (should not) select ingredients based on random considerations. Methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline), under certain circumstances, deliver synergistic effects. Yet, they are not equally important in every application. Theophylline certainly played a role in the original formula. However, testing revealed that the formula without it produced comparable results, especially because caffeine alone still demonstrated considerable synergistic action with 1,3-Dimethylamylamine."
And, another one:
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"Primarily, theophylline exerts bronchodilatory effects as the major therapeutic action in asthmatic conditions. Other methylxantines can induce similar effects, but not as pronounced as theophylline. The impact of methylxanthines on inhibition of antigen-induced lung-tissue histamine release is not only dose-dependent, but is also not as significant as their effects on bronchodilation, relaxation of airway smooth muscle, and theophylline's capacity to enhance ventilatory response in hypoxic conditions."
2) I do not think it is fair to compare the removal of theophylline in Jack3d to the developments in Anabolic Xtreme's Slim Xtreme. Jack3d ingredients have always been specified. Besides, theophylline was not the active agent in Jack3d, so its removal cannot define the potency or otherwise of Jack3d.