I stated i totally agree with you on the fact that if the masses say it works this shows anectdotal proof. I could go on all day about dietary supplements and proof but its pointless because in the end people are going to buy a product if they believe that it works. The only issue that concerned me was people saying that it raises test. I have respect for your company b/c you beta test your products and admit that there is no research. I have no further quarrell about this.
Concering l-dopa it is a common expertise that continuous administration of l-dopa causes motor complications (dyskinesia). Here are some studies that show this. However, i cannot find a study that shows that levodopa would cause dyskinesias in normal patients, so maybe this effect is only shown in parkinsons patients. Regardless, there is still some concern.
(zzNature Neuroscience 6, 437 - 438 (2003)
doi:10.1038/nn0503-437
L-DOPA, dyskinesia and striatal plasticity
Stephen Dunnett
The author is at the School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3US, UK.
[email protected]
Long-term use of L-DOPA as a treatment for Parkinson disease can induce uncontrollable movements. A new report attributes this side effect to abnormal downregulation of synaptic plasticity.
Treatment of Parkinson's disease should begin with a dopamine agonist
Jean Louis Montastruc, MD, PhD *, Olivier Rascol, MD, PhD, Jean-Michel Senard, MD, PhD
Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Inserm U 317, Faculté de Médecine, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Midi-Pyrénées de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Hôpitaux de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
*Correspondence to Jean Louis Montastruc, Labaoratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, 37 allées Jules-Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex, France
Abstract
The occurrence of side effects with long-term levodopa therapy, such as fluctuations in motor performance or abnormal movements, led to a search for new antiparkinsonian drugs. Dopamine agonists include ergot derivatives such as bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide, and cabergoline and other agents which do not possess the ergot structure such as pramipexole and ropinirole. They all are powerful stimulators of the D2 dopamine receptor which probably underlies their therapeutic effects. The clinical consequences of their binding to other dopamine receptor subtypes (D1 or D3) remains unknown. They are usually prescribed in combination with levodopa when late side effects begin to occur. This review summarizes the available pharmacologic and clinical data to support the early use of dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease. Several strategies can be used, such as monotherapy or early or late combination with levodopa. Results of recent well-performed, modern clinical trials show that early use of the new dopamine agonists is able to effectively control the clinical symptoms for more than 3 years thereby offering the possibility of delaying the occurrence of levodopa-induced late motor side effects.
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation: Is it the answer to the motor complications of Levodopa?Nutt JG.
Northwest PADRECC, Portland VAMC, and Parkinson Center of Oregon, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) is a treatment strategy hypothesized to avoid or reduce the
motor complications of long-term levodopa therapy, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesia, by preventing or reversing sensitization induced by pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. The CDS hypothesis is itself based on several hypotheses. First, tonic dopaminergic stimulation is physiological. Second, sensitization is undesirable and should be reversed. Third, reduction of off time and dyskinesia can be induced simultaneously. Finally, clinical studies substantiate the CDS hypothesis. The evidence for these hypotheses is reviewed, and the need for randomized clinical trials that rigorously test the CDS hypothesis is emphasized. (c) 2006 Movement Disorder Society.
Thirty five years of experience in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa and associations.Chouza C, Buzo R, Scaramelli A, Romero S, de Medina O, Aljanati R, Dieguez E, Lisanti N, Gomensoro J.
Section Extrapyramidal Diseases, Instituto de Neurologia, Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica Montevideo, Uruguay.
[email protected]
PMID: 17017563 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Also i have seen the study that compares velvet bean to synthetic l-dopa and you are definately right on this.
1. Is 1-carboxy extracted from velvet bean?
2. And if so is this not levodopa itself (the structure name is not correct)?
3. If it is another compound extraced from velvet bean why did you decide to use this compound?