You're conflating things. Humans have an innate right to self-defense; they do not have a right to kill indiscriminately. When they kill indiscriminately, they may lose certain rights, like the right to bear arms, they may be imprisoned, and they may even be put to death.
Israel is not the US, does not have the US constitution, and so does not have a 1a or 2a in the same way. However, Israelis do have a free press and do carry guns, and 'Israelis' covers the 20% of Palestinian-Israeli citizens. Their rights aren't different.