Great stuff, Anthony. I note that both of these studies were in non-exercising individuals, unless I am skimming too quickly. Also, I think leucine and the other BCAAs are of most benefit intra-workout. A nice quote from the above link by Prof DrAndro's excellent "Suppversity" blog (can't post links so search for "The Muscle Building Magic of Additional(!) Leucine"): "What Pasiakos et al. found, a +33% greater increase in post-workout muscle protein synthesis, a -13.3% decrease in whole body protein synthesis and roughly -20% less protein breakdown, speaks for the muscle building magic of the primary of the four isomeric amino acids that is so heavily advertised in supplement stores, online shops and muscle magazines, lately."