But essentially a FACT means that something is always true, for instance 1+1 will always equal 2.
A theory can never become a law but can become the accepted hypothesis based on available data. i.e. you can reach a logical conclusion but this does not mean that A can be proven to equal B.
Interesting points here.
A 'law' can certainly be expressed as a mathematical equation, but obviously not all mathematical equations are 'laws'.
Intuition may suggest that a 'law' is something which governs the behaviour of objects in certain contexts (where 'behaviour' and 'object' is meant to be very general in its meaning). Further, I think there is a certain appeal to the concept of 'laws' as being somehow
prescriptive of interactions in our universe (if X does Y then Z, because of the law of such-and-such); but I think this is dangerous territory as it can easily imply some sort of 'essentialism' or theistic pre-meditation to events (God made it so, he wrote/designed the laws that objects obey...you can see how these concepts can easily lead to one another).
As tempting as law-prescription is, I think it can be resisted by accepting that laws are mere
descriptions of events; that is, universal descriptions that seem to be applicable (for us, in terms of our understanding the world) in any relevant context/environment. There is no special law-type 'essence' making objects do what they do; X dosnt do Y because there is some law
compelling such a thing. Rather, the law is nothing more than a human extrapolation that we assume is 'good' throughout the universe (or at least our local neck of the woods).
And as per usual, any law is only as good or as useful as the successful predictions it enables us to make based on a very finite (limited) set of observations.