CLA + Safflower Oil - neew addition to Fat Loss stack in the future?

[DeerDeer]

CLA + Safflower Oil - new addition to Fat Loss stack in the future?

Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]

Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Norris LE, Collene AL, Asp ML, Hsu JC, Liu LF, Richardson JR, Li D, Bell D, Osei K, Jackson RD, Belury MA.

BACKGROUND: Weight loss may improve glucose control in persons with type 2 diabetes. The effects of fat quality, as opposed to quantity, on weight loss are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of 2 dietary oils, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and safflower oil (SAF), on body weight and composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: This was a 36-wk randomized, double-masked, crossover study. Fifty-five obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes received SAF or CLA (8 g oil/d) during two 16-wk diet periods separated by a 4-wk washout period. Subjects met monthly with the study coordinator to receive new supplements and for assessment of energy balance, biochemical endpoints, or anthropometric variables. RESULTS: Thirty-five women completed the 36-wk intervention. Supplementation with CLA reduced body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0022) and total adipose mass (P = 0.0187) without altering lean mass. The effect of CLA in lowering BMI was detected during the last 8 wk of each 16-wk diet period. In contrast, SAF had no effect on BMI or total adipose mass but reduced trunk adipose mass (P = 0.0422) and increased lean mass (P = 0.0432). SAF also significantly lowered fasting glucose (P = 0.0343) and increased adiponectin (P = 0.0051). No differences were observed in dietary energy intake, total fat intake, and fat quality in either diet period for either intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with CLA and SAF exerted different effects on BMI, total and trunk adipose mass, and lean tissue mass in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Supplementation with these dietary oils may be beneficial for weight loss, glycemic control, or both.

 

[Steveoph]

Interesting; do you have access to the isomer of CLA used, and what other bloodtests they ran during the study?

 

[DeerDeer]

Interesting; do you have access to the isomer of CLA used, and what other bloodtests they ran during the study?

Fatty acid composition of the dietary supplements1
SAF CLA
% fatty acid % fatty acid
16:0 (palmitic acid) 5.8 1.5
18:0 (stearic acid) 2.0 1.6
18:1n29 (oleic acid) 12.0 13.1
18:2n26 (linoleic acid) 78.4 0
c9t11-CLA 0 41.6
t10c12-CLA 0 40.4

1 The percentage of fatty acid was measured by gas chromatography
(20). SAF, safflower oil; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid

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The study was a randomized, double-masked, crossover design
conducted at a single site. A product coordinator was responsible
for assigning subjects to a treatment order and allocating the
dietary oil supplements into coded and numbered containers,
ensuring the study would remain double-masked. Study visits
were conducted at the Clinical Research Center (CRC) at the
Ohio State University. Semiannually, data were summarized by
masked study staff and reviewed by the Data Safety Monitoring
Committee. The study protocol was approved by the Ohio State
University Institutional Review Board and CRC Advisory Board.
Recruitment began in April 2004 and ended in July 2007. The
study was conducted in agreement with the Declaration of
Helsinki and in accordance with International Conference on
Harmonization/Good Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Recruitment occurred over a 2.9-y period. After providing
written informed consent, subjects reported to the CRC for
a screening visit to document and assess demographic information,
medical history, Hb A1c, hepatic enzyme concentrations,
height and weight to determine BMI, cognitive function with the
use of an Orientation-Memory-Concentration test (18), and
willingness to comply with the study protocol. Eligible subjects
were randomly assigned in block fashion to 2 groups based on
their BMI and Hb A1c concentrations at screening. All subjects
received CLA and SAF treatments in the crossover design.
Subjects reported to the CRC in the early morning (before 1000)
to control for diurnal variations in hormone concentrations.
Subjects fasted overnight for a minimum of 10 h before each
study visit and were asked to abstain from taking their prescribed
diabetes medications and treatment capsules the morning
of each study visit. The initial diet period (diet period 1) was
16 wk in duration, followed by a 4-wk washout period and
a second 16-wk diet period (diet period 2). A 4-wk washout
period is typical of feeding trials with fatty acid supplementation
(19). Adverse events were reported at each monthly visit.
Subjects consumed 8 dietary oil capsules daily, with instructions
to take 2 capsules with each meal and 2 capsules at
night for a total of 8.0 g dietary oil daily. Each CLA capsule
contained 1.0 g CLA-80 oil. The CLA treatment capsules (Cognis
Corporation, Cincinnati, OH) provided 6.4 g CLA isomers and
1.6 g oil composed primarily of oleic and palmitic acids per day.
Each SAF capsule contained 1.0 g SAF. The fatty acid composition
of oils is shown in Table 1 (20). Oils were periodically
analyzed for composition throughout the duration of the study
(approximately every 6 mo), and composition did not change.

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[DeerDeer]

Dietary Supplementation of L-Arginine and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces
Retroperitoneal Fat Mass and IncreasesLean Body Mass in Rats1,2

Jennifer L. Nall,3 Guoyao Wu,3 Kyoung Hoon Kim,4 Chang Weon Choi,4 and Stephen B. Smith3*
3Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;and 4National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-350, South Korea
Abstract

We hypothesized that L-arginine and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) would have additive effects in decreasing adiposity. Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to the following dietary groups (n ¼ 6/group; 5 wk total): 1) control (2.55% L-alanine plus 1.5% canola oil); 2) arginine (1.25% L-arginine plus 1.5% canola oil); 3) CLA (2.55% L-alanine plus 1.5% CLA); and 4) arginine plus CLA (1.25% L-arginine plus 1.5% CLA). Supplemental amino acids were provided in drinking water and CLA was incorporated into the food pellets. Daily weight gain, food intake, arginine intake, and final body and eviscerated body weights were greater in rats fed supplemental CLA then in rats fed canola oil. The retroperitoneal adipose tissue:body weight ratio was less in rats fed supplemental CLA than in rats fed canola oil, but epididymal adipose tissue, liver, and
soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle weights were unaffected by arginine or CLA. CLA decreased epididymal adipose tissue concentrations of palmitoleic, oleic, and cis-vaccenic acid. CLA and arginine increased palmitate oxidation to CO2 in epididymal adipose tissue in vitro relative to control rats. Glucose and palmitate incorporation into total lipids in
epididymal adipose tissue was lower in rats fed supplemental arginine than in alanine-fed rats. Arginine increased plasma glycerol relative to alanine-fed rats and CLA and arginine independently decreased most serum essential amino acids and alanine, glutamate, glutamine, and ornithine. We conclude that CLA and arginine modulated adipose tissue metabolism
by separate, but not additive, effects. Also, CLA and arginine may have depressed muscle protein turnover. J. Nutr. 139:1279–1285, 2009.