Will one of you brainiacs break this down please? Thanks
---------------------------------------------------------------
[h=1][/h]Hederagenin
((3-beta,4-alpha)-3,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid)
...There are
many stimulants on the market -- but none of them are anything like
this.
AXON is based on a triterpene known as "Hederagenin" -- extracted
from Hedera Helix. This triterpene is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor: A
high-affinity substrate for the dopamine, 5-HT, and norepinephrine neural
membrane transporters. (DAT, SERT, and NET, respectively.) Before we expound on
this specific function any further, a few general words on how these monoamine
neurotransmitters work:
The human brain contains billions of neurons
which release neurotransmitters. They all consist of a cell body (the soma)
& a long chain (the axon) which connects via branches to other neurons.
Transmission via the axon is how one cell can influence others, and this is
often carried out via monoamines such as DA, NE, 5HT; in response to electrical
stimuli, they are released from the axon terminal into the synaptic gap, where
they seek out and bind to receptors on the other side of the gap, on other
neurons. This binding is not permanent: most of these monoamines are shaken-off
their receptors in a matter of milliseconds, and are then 'available' once
again. Their function is terminated by monoamine reuptake from the synaptic
cleft back into the neuron via membrane-bound transporter proteins.
(Glycoproteins, typically.) Following reuptake, most are metabolized into inert
derivatives, and some are recycled and re-released.
...As you can
imagine, when reuptake proteins are inhibited, monoamine breakdown comes
grinding to a halt and they start accumulating outside neurons -- eventually
flooding synapses & increasing transmission to supraphysiological levels.
That's the whole point. Reuptake-inhibition makes for a powerful
stimulant. Although Hederagenin has its mechanism of action in common with some
banned chemicals, no ingredient previously released as a supplement is anything
quite like it. Ephedrine, for example, is a potent NET inhibitor, but has an
extremely weak effect on dopaminergic transmission and no effects at all where
the serotogenic pathway is concerned.
By increasing dopaminergic,
adrenergic, and serotogenic transmission, you get an increase in energy levels,
heightened focus, an elevated mood, increased confidence and drive, and an
revved-up metabolic rate.
And there is another interesting and
potentially-useful effect: α-hederin, a hederagenin saponin present in high
quantities in Hedera Helix (and therefore AXON), prevents β2-adrenoceptor
internalization and desensitization. In doing so, it strongly increases the
binding potential of these receptors to other ligands. It is therefore likely
that AXON has a synergystic effect with compounds which target and bind to the
β2-adrenoceptor.
AXON can be stacked with other non-stimulant fat
burners. It is completely safe for human consumption, and has been side-effect
free in all of our testers.
Use as part of a weight-loss regimen, to increase
performance and endurance in the gym, or for the long-lasting energy you need to
cope with a busy work or study schedule.
Where pharmacokinetics are
concerned:
Hederagenin is very lipophilic & nearly-insoluble in water. It
is slowly and poorly absorbed from the GI tract, but the half-life &
duration of effect of the absorbed fraction is long. (6-8+hrs.) As has been
conclusively shown with another triterpene, boswelic acid, absorption and
bioavailability will increase tremendously when taken with food.
---------------------------------------------------------------
[h=1][/h]Hederagenin
((3-beta,4-alpha)-3,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid)
...There are
many stimulants on the market -- but none of them are anything like
this.
AXON is based on a triterpene known as "Hederagenin" -- extracted
from Hedera Helix. This triterpene is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor: A
high-affinity substrate for the dopamine, 5-HT, and norepinephrine neural
membrane transporters. (DAT, SERT, and NET, respectively.) Before we expound on
this specific function any further, a few general words on how these monoamine
neurotransmitters work:
The human brain contains billions of neurons
which release neurotransmitters. They all consist of a cell body (the soma)
& a long chain (the axon) which connects via branches to other neurons.
Transmission via the axon is how one cell can influence others, and this is
often carried out via monoamines such as DA, NE, 5HT; in response to electrical
stimuli, they are released from the axon terminal into the synaptic gap, where
they seek out and bind to receptors on the other side of the gap, on other
neurons. This binding is not permanent: most of these monoamines are shaken-off
their receptors in a matter of milliseconds, and are then 'available' once
again. Their function is terminated by monoamine reuptake from the synaptic
cleft back into the neuron via membrane-bound transporter proteins.
(Glycoproteins, typically.) Following reuptake, most are metabolized into inert
derivatives, and some are recycled and re-released.
...As you can
imagine, when reuptake proteins are inhibited, monoamine breakdown comes
grinding to a halt and they start accumulating outside neurons -- eventually
flooding synapses & increasing transmission to supraphysiological levels.
That's the whole point. Reuptake-inhibition makes for a powerful
stimulant. Although Hederagenin has its mechanism of action in common with some
banned chemicals, no ingredient previously released as a supplement is anything
quite like it. Ephedrine, for example, is a potent NET inhibitor, but has an
extremely weak effect on dopaminergic transmission and no effects at all where
the serotogenic pathway is concerned.
By increasing dopaminergic,
adrenergic, and serotogenic transmission, you get an increase in energy levels,
heightened focus, an elevated mood, increased confidence and drive, and an
revved-up metabolic rate.
And there is another interesting and
potentially-useful effect: α-hederin, a hederagenin saponin present in high
quantities in Hedera Helix (and therefore AXON), prevents β2-adrenoceptor
internalization and desensitization. In doing so, it strongly increases the
binding potential of these receptors to other ligands. It is therefore likely
that AXON has a synergystic effect with compounds which target and bind to the
β2-adrenoceptor.
AXON can be stacked with other non-stimulant fat
burners. It is completely safe for human consumption, and has been side-effect
free in all of our testers.
Use as part of a weight-loss regimen, to increase
performance and endurance in the gym, or for the long-lasting energy you need to
cope with a busy work or study schedule.
Where pharmacokinetics are
concerned:
Hederagenin is very lipophilic & nearly-insoluble in water. It
is slowly and poorly absorbed from the GI tract, but the half-life &
duration of effect of the absorbed fraction is long. (6-8+hrs.) As has been
conclusively shown with another triterpene, boswelic acid, absorption and
bioavailability will increase tremendously when taken with food.