This is one of the first articles I've seen where it was actually tested in humans and not sea creatures. It's very complex, so it's not for the faint of heart, but if you're science minded you'll find it interesting, as it has new information on 11-KT I don't think we've seen before. It talks quite a bit more about the precursors of 11-KT including 11 beta and alpha hydroxy androstenedione's that convert to 11-KT.
Beyond T and DHT - Novel Steroid Derivatives Capable of Wild Type Androgen Receptor Activation
I haven't had time to read over the whole thing yet, as it's pretty dense. But it seems there are a lot of metabolites to 11KT including a DHT and Hydroxy-DHT derivative.
One other thing I found in an ad from Patrick Arnold, who was apparently trying to market this stuff, was that it is a derivative of 3a-androstene(dione?)
Beyond T and DHT - Novel Steroid Derivatives Capable of Wild Type Androgen Receptor Activation
Cyp11b1 is induced in the murine gonad by luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin and involved in the production of 11-ketotestosterone, a... - PubMed - NCBIEndocrinology. 2008 Apr;149(4):1786-92. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
Cyp11b1 is induced in the murine gonad by luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin and involved in the production of 11-ketotestosterone, a major fish androgen: conservation and evolution of the androgen metabolic pathway.
Yazawa T1, Uesaka M, Inaoka Y, Mizutani T, Sekiguchi T, Kajitani T, Kitano T, Umezawa A, Miyamoto K.
Author information
Abstract
We have shown previously that Cyp11b1, an 11beta-hydroxylase responsible for glucocorticoid biosynthesis in the adrenal gland, was induced by cAMP in androgen-producing Leydig-like cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells. We found that Cyp11b1 was induced in male Leydig cells, or female theca cells, when human chorionic gonadotropin was administered in immature mice. Expression of Cyp11b1 in rodent gonads caused the production of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), a major fish androgen, which induces male differentiation or spermatogenesis in fish. As in teleosts, plasma concentrations of 11-KT were elevated in human chorionic gonadotropin-treated mice. In contrast to teleosts, however, plasma concentrations of 11-KT were similar in both sexes, despite levels of testosterone, a precursor substrate, being about 20 times higher in male mice. Because expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, was much higher in the mouse ovary than in the testis, conversion of testosterone into 11-KT may occur more efficiently in the ovary. In a luciferase reporter system that was responsive to and activated by androgens, 11-KT efficiently activated mammalian androgen receptor-mediated transactivation. Our results suggest that the androgen metabolic pathway is conserved between teleosts and mammals, despite sexual dominance and reproductive functions of 11-KT being altered during evolution.
PMID: 18162527 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
11Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013 Sep 5;377(1-2):135-46. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.006. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
11β-Hydroxydihydrotestosterone and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone, novel C19 steroids with androgenic activity: a putative role in castration resistant prostate cancer?
Storbeck KH1, Bloem LM, Africander D, Schloms L, Swart P, Swart AC.
Author information
Abstract
Adrenal C19 steroids, dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA(S)) and androstenedione (A4), play a critical role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as they are metabolised to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), via testosterone (T), or via the alternate 5α-dione pathway, bypassing T. Adrenal 11OHA4 metabolism in CRPC is, however, unknown. We present a novel pathway for 11OHA4 metabolism in CRPC leading to the production of 11ketoT (11KT) and novel 5α-reduced C19 steroids - 11OH-5α-androstanedione, 11keto-5α-androstanedione, 11OHDHT and 11ketoDHT (11KDHT). The pathway was validated in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. Androgen receptor (AR) transactivation studies showed that while 11KT and 11OHDHT act as a partial AR agonists, 11KDHT is a full AR agonist exhibiting similar activity to DHT at 1nM. Our data demonstrates that, while 11OHA4 has negligible androgenic activity, its metabolism to 11KT and 11KDHT yields androgenic compounds which may be implicated, together with A4 and DHEA(S), in driving CRPC in the absence of testicular T.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Adrenal 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione; Androgen receptor; LNCaP androgen responsive cells; Steroid 5α-reductase
PMID: 23856005 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
I haven't had time to read over the whole thing yet, as it's pretty dense. But it seems there are a lot of metabolites to 11KT including a DHT and Hydroxy-DHT derivative.
One other thing I found in an ad from Patrick Arnold, who was apparently trying to market this stuff, was that it is a derivative of 3a-androstene(dione?)
Upjohns 4-methyl-11-beta-hydroxy-anabolen (Text in Dutch or German)Adrenodione converts to 11-ketotestosterone" AX says in his ads. "Forty percent as androgenic as testosterone but seventy percent as anabolic - giving a positive ratio of 1.8."