Adrenalean
"Next Generation?" No thanks. With Adrenalean, Designer Supplements goes one step further and introduces the future of stimulating fatburners and carves its own niche in the weight loss industry both for competitive athletes, as well as the average individual aiming to shed some pounds. Adrenalean truly is the very best fat burning product designed to date as it is not simply a collection of stimulating compound aimed to make you 'feel' like you're losing weight, it actually helps you lose weight! Each individual component of the product has been carefully researched for effectiveness and the suitable dose, and has been combined with synergistic compounds that make Adrenalean unbeatable. Beginning with the Euphroamine formula, Designer Supplements introduces another potent fatloss ingredient to the industry in Arecoline. We then compliment this amazing ingredient with PEA and hordenine for enhanced mood and increased energy expenditure, quercetin to prolong the fat burning effect, and L-Huperzine A for its cholinergic focusing effects. The EvoSyn blend combines the tried and true caffeine with evodiamine, which naturally increases thermogenesis, and synephrine, which potently controls appetite.
Introducing Arecoline
Arecoline is found naturally in the Areca catechu plant and is chewed socially in many regions of Asia for its stimulating effect. This stimulating effect results in a significant dampening of appetite in man, as well as a swift increase in energy expenditure (1). While exercise clearly helps, the increased energy expenditure associated with arecoline occurs even in the resting state! Simply put, controlled appetite and more calories being burned for fuel even at rest can potentially lead to enhanced weightloss without increased activity...now imagine the effect when combined with a rigorous workout!
Arecoline exerts its effects through the muscarinic receptor system. Like the nicotinic receptor, the muscarinic receptor is a subtype of acetylcholine (Ach) receptor which is activated by the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach.) Found throughout the body, Ach is crucial for autonomic activation of the central nervous system and by binding to the muscarinic receptor, arecoline increases cholinergic activity (more acetylcholine) (2). The effects of this enhanced activity are vast and include improved muscle contractions, enhanced cognitive ability, and elevated epinephrine and norepinephrine release. It is the latter that manifests as stimulation in those that take arecoline.
In addition to the above benefits, recent research into arecoline has found an intriguing effect on the pineal gland; the gland which produces melatonin. While the pineal gland is large during childhood and releases abundant melatonin, which is thought to inhibit sexual development of children, the gland shrinks at puberty to allow proper sexual development. Arecoline has the effect of inhibiting the pineal gland, thereby stimulating testicular function by releasing the restraints of melatonin (3) and subsequently increasing testosterone levels (4). This is obviously a welcome effect for those aiming to retain muscle during dieting.
As is evident from the statements above, Arecoline alone is clearly an excellent tool for fat loss as it speeds up your metabolism, blunts your appetite and helps enhance your training, but why stop there? Arecoline is merely the first constituent in a truly synergistic blend of ingredients.
Phenylethylamine (PEA)
Phenylethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring neuroamine found in foods such as chocolate and has very recently gathered great popularity in the bodybuilding community for stimulation and fat loss. Designer Supplements was the very first company to release PEA in a fat burning product with the product BASIC CUTS.
Due to increased urinary concentrations of phenylacetic acid - a major metabolite of PEA (5) - after exercise, it has been theorized that PEA may be partly responsible for the 'runners high', or post-lifting elation experienced by most weightlifters or exercise enthusiasts (6). PEA appears to exert a stimulatory effect in the brain through its effect on the beta-adrenergic and dopamine receptors, similar to antidepressants (7). Through these mechanisms, PEA not only increases attention and activity but can also elevate mood significantly (8). As anyone can see, these effects can certainly lead to increased focus and motivation both in the gym and in daily activities.
The major stumbling block for PEA is that oral bioavailability is pitifully low. This is because PEA is quickly metabolised by the enzyme Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B), so that very little, if any, makes it to the brain. It has been suggested that one may get around this by taking the amino acid phenylalanine (a PEA precursor), however this does not guarantee significant concentrations of PEA will be synthesised, let alone make it to the brain. To every problem lies a solution, however, and this leads to the introduction of another ingredient for Adrenalean? - Hordenine.
Hordenine
The Monoamine Oxidases, MAO-A and MAO-B, are two enzymes principally involved in catalyzing the oxidation (metabolism) of the monoamines. MAO-A is commonly thought to break down the neurochemicals serotonin and norepinephrine while MAO-B generally catalyzes the break down of dopamine and PEA (as stated above). Hordenine is included in Adrenalean due to its ability to inhibit MAO-B (9) and thereby make PEA orally bioavailable thus allowing all the intriguing effects of stimulation and mood enhancement mentioned above to become a reality. As a consequence of hordenine's MAO-B inhibition, dopamine activity is also prolonged. During dieting, dopamine is of particular importance because it is generally theorized to be the body's means of communication between the brain and the anti-starvation hormone Leptin. Additionally, dopamine is also associated with nutrient partitioning (where the calories you consume go), mood, appetite and a whole host of other biochemical functions. Unfortunately, when you diet, dopamine also happens to decrease quite significantly (10), thus some means of ensuring adequate dopamine output should be paramount (hint: hordenine helps).
As if its efficacy in increasing PEA availability and dopaminergic tone weren?t enough, there is also credible evidence that hordenine not only 'liberates' norepinephrine (11), but also inhibits its metabolism (12), leading to increased stimulation. As many know, norepinephrine and epinephrine collectively form the catecholamines the means through which the popular supplement ephedrine indirectly exerts its stimulatory effect on the central nervous system and improves lipolysis (fat burning).
L-Huperzine A
L-Huperzine A is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in the extracts of the Chinese herb Huperzia serrata. While it has been used for centuries in ancient Chinese medicine, it has recently came into view to the Western World for its neuroprotective effects. L-Huperzine A works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (13, 14) which breaks down acetylcholine, thereby halting signal transmission. By preventing this enzyme from working, the life cycle of acetylcholine is increased, resulting in improved cognitive effects, increase muscular control and enhanced focus. Recent research has demonstrated the alkaloid to enhance memory, reduce oxidative stress and promote neural protection (15) without any negative implications or side effects (14). Due to its mechanism of action, L-Huperzine A is known as a 'nootropic', or 'smart drug' and works synergistically with Arecoline to potentiate Adrenalean's neurocognitive effect.
Quercetin
Quercetin is the last component of the Euphroamine blend. Quercetin is a type of flavonoid called a flavonol. Flavonoids are also called phytochemicals, and are found in all vascular plants including all the common fruits and vegetables. Quercetin serves as the backbone for most other flavonoids and tends to be the phytochemical most studied in research due to its health benefits. In fact, it is generally stated that a lot of the health benefits found in fruits and vegetables are due to their quercetin content.
Quercetin is included in Adrenalean because of its effects regarding the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system. CYP450 is a family of enzymes located mostly in the liver. These are drug, steroid and toxin-metabolizing enzymes that are also used to make cholesterol, steroids and other important lipids. The toxins they breakdown may be waste from metabolic processes within the body, or substances consumed by the person such as antibiotics, recreational drugs or even toxins in the air or the food we eat.
Quercetin inhibits several enzymes of the CYP450 system (16, 17, 18, 19) and also MAO-A (20) thereby prolonging the effect hepatically metabolized compounds in the body. This inhibition results in the effects of Arecoline, PEA, hordenine, caffeine, evodiamine and synephrine exerting their fat burning effects for longer periods of time. In addition to CYP450 inhibition, quercetin also inhibits p-glycoprotein (PGP) (21, 22), a protein located generally in the gut, dealing with absorption and are thus considered part of the "first-pass effect". Although not as significant as inhibition of CYP450, inhibiting PGP also helps improve oral bioavailability of the compounds in Adrenalean?, as well as prolonging their life and effectiveness.
Quercetin has also been demonstrated to inhibit an enzyme known as Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) (20, 23). COMT is involved in the deactivation of the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. By enhancing the signalling of these hormones, lipolysis is maintained, and the brain continues to get the dopamine it needs to continue allowing body fat to be oxidized.
"Next Generation?" No thanks. With Adrenalean, Designer Supplements goes one step further and introduces the future of stimulating fatburners and carves its own niche in the weight loss industry both for competitive athletes, as well as the average individual aiming to shed some pounds. Adrenalean truly is the very best fat burning product designed to date as it is not simply a collection of stimulating compound aimed to make you 'feel' like you're losing weight, it actually helps you lose weight! Each individual component of the product has been carefully researched for effectiveness and the suitable dose, and has been combined with synergistic compounds that make Adrenalean unbeatable. Beginning with the Euphroamine formula, Designer Supplements introduces another potent fatloss ingredient to the industry in Arecoline. We then compliment this amazing ingredient with PEA and hordenine for enhanced mood and increased energy expenditure, quercetin to prolong the fat burning effect, and L-Huperzine A for its cholinergic focusing effects. The EvoSyn blend combines the tried and true caffeine with evodiamine, which naturally increases thermogenesis, and synephrine, which potently controls appetite.
Introducing Arecoline
Arecoline is found naturally in the Areca catechu plant and is chewed socially in many regions of Asia for its stimulating effect. This stimulating effect results in a significant dampening of appetite in man, as well as a swift increase in energy expenditure (1). While exercise clearly helps, the increased energy expenditure associated with arecoline occurs even in the resting state! Simply put, controlled appetite and more calories being burned for fuel even at rest can potentially lead to enhanced weightloss without increased activity...now imagine the effect when combined with a rigorous workout!
Arecoline exerts its effects through the muscarinic receptor system. Like the nicotinic receptor, the muscarinic receptor is a subtype of acetylcholine (Ach) receptor which is activated by the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach.) Found throughout the body, Ach is crucial for autonomic activation of the central nervous system and by binding to the muscarinic receptor, arecoline increases cholinergic activity (more acetylcholine) (2). The effects of this enhanced activity are vast and include improved muscle contractions, enhanced cognitive ability, and elevated epinephrine and norepinephrine release. It is the latter that manifests as stimulation in those that take arecoline.
In addition to the above benefits, recent research into arecoline has found an intriguing effect on the pineal gland; the gland which produces melatonin. While the pineal gland is large during childhood and releases abundant melatonin, which is thought to inhibit sexual development of children, the gland shrinks at puberty to allow proper sexual development. Arecoline has the effect of inhibiting the pineal gland, thereby stimulating testicular function by releasing the restraints of melatonin (3) and subsequently increasing testosterone levels (4). This is obviously a welcome effect for those aiming to retain muscle during dieting.
As is evident from the statements above, Arecoline alone is clearly an excellent tool for fat loss as it speeds up your metabolism, blunts your appetite and helps enhance your training, but why stop there? Arecoline is merely the first constituent in a truly synergistic blend of ingredients.
Phenylethylamine (PEA)
Phenylethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring neuroamine found in foods such as chocolate and has very recently gathered great popularity in the bodybuilding community for stimulation and fat loss. Designer Supplements was the very first company to release PEA in a fat burning product with the product BASIC CUTS.
Due to increased urinary concentrations of phenylacetic acid - a major metabolite of PEA (5) - after exercise, it has been theorized that PEA may be partly responsible for the 'runners high', or post-lifting elation experienced by most weightlifters or exercise enthusiasts (6). PEA appears to exert a stimulatory effect in the brain through its effect on the beta-adrenergic and dopamine receptors, similar to antidepressants (7). Through these mechanisms, PEA not only increases attention and activity but can also elevate mood significantly (8). As anyone can see, these effects can certainly lead to increased focus and motivation both in the gym and in daily activities.
The major stumbling block for PEA is that oral bioavailability is pitifully low. This is because PEA is quickly metabolised by the enzyme Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B), so that very little, if any, makes it to the brain. It has been suggested that one may get around this by taking the amino acid phenylalanine (a PEA precursor), however this does not guarantee significant concentrations of PEA will be synthesised, let alone make it to the brain. To every problem lies a solution, however, and this leads to the introduction of another ingredient for Adrenalean? - Hordenine.
Hordenine
The Monoamine Oxidases, MAO-A and MAO-B, are two enzymes principally involved in catalyzing the oxidation (metabolism) of the monoamines. MAO-A is commonly thought to break down the neurochemicals serotonin and norepinephrine while MAO-B generally catalyzes the break down of dopamine and PEA (as stated above). Hordenine is included in Adrenalean due to its ability to inhibit MAO-B (9) and thereby make PEA orally bioavailable thus allowing all the intriguing effects of stimulation and mood enhancement mentioned above to become a reality. As a consequence of hordenine's MAO-B inhibition, dopamine activity is also prolonged. During dieting, dopamine is of particular importance because it is generally theorized to be the body's means of communication between the brain and the anti-starvation hormone Leptin. Additionally, dopamine is also associated with nutrient partitioning (where the calories you consume go), mood, appetite and a whole host of other biochemical functions. Unfortunately, when you diet, dopamine also happens to decrease quite significantly (10), thus some means of ensuring adequate dopamine output should be paramount (hint: hordenine helps).
As if its efficacy in increasing PEA availability and dopaminergic tone weren?t enough, there is also credible evidence that hordenine not only 'liberates' norepinephrine (11), but also inhibits its metabolism (12), leading to increased stimulation. As many know, norepinephrine and epinephrine collectively form the catecholamines the means through which the popular supplement ephedrine indirectly exerts its stimulatory effect on the central nervous system and improves lipolysis (fat burning).
L-Huperzine A
L-Huperzine A is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in the extracts of the Chinese herb Huperzia serrata. While it has been used for centuries in ancient Chinese medicine, it has recently came into view to the Western World for its neuroprotective effects. L-Huperzine A works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (13, 14) which breaks down acetylcholine, thereby halting signal transmission. By preventing this enzyme from working, the life cycle of acetylcholine is increased, resulting in improved cognitive effects, increase muscular control and enhanced focus. Recent research has demonstrated the alkaloid to enhance memory, reduce oxidative stress and promote neural protection (15) without any negative implications or side effects (14). Due to its mechanism of action, L-Huperzine A is known as a 'nootropic', or 'smart drug' and works synergistically with Arecoline to potentiate Adrenalean's neurocognitive effect.
Quercetin
Quercetin is the last component of the Euphroamine blend. Quercetin is a type of flavonoid called a flavonol. Flavonoids are also called phytochemicals, and are found in all vascular plants including all the common fruits and vegetables. Quercetin serves as the backbone for most other flavonoids and tends to be the phytochemical most studied in research due to its health benefits. In fact, it is generally stated that a lot of the health benefits found in fruits and vegetables are due to their quercetin content.
Quercetin is included in Adrenalean because of its effects regarding the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system. CYP450 is a family of enzymes located mostly in the liver. These are drug, steroid and toxin-metabolizing enzymes that are also used to make cholesterol, steroids and other important lipids. The toxins they breakdown may be waste from metabolic processes within the body, or substances consumed by the person such as antibiotics, recreational drugs or even toxins in the air or the food we eat.
Quercetin inhibits several enzymes of the CYP450 system (16, 17, 18, 19) and also MAO-A (20) thereby prolonging the effect hepatically metabolized compounds in the body. This inhibition results in the effects of Arecoline, PEA, hordenine, caffeine, evodiamine and synephrine exerting their fat burning effects for longer periods of time. In addition to CYP450 inhibition, quercetin also inhibits p-glycoprotein (PGP) (21, 22), a protein located generally in the gut, dealing with absorption and are thus considered part of the "first-pass effect". Although not as significant as inhibition of CYP450, inhibiting PGP also helps improve oral bioavailability of the compounds in Adrenalean?, as well as prolonging their life and effectiveness.
Quercetin has also been demonstrated to inhibit an enzyme known as Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) (20, 23). COMT is involved in the deactivation of the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. By enhancing the signalling of these hormones, lipolysis is maintained, and the brain continues to get the dopamine it needs to continue allowing body fat to be oxidized.