This study does not appear to offer any new opportunities.
We have long known that starvation greatly increases HGH production but simultaneously increases cortisol. Both effects are driven by low insulin and glycogen depletion.
Dieting does this to a lesser extent and (absent anabolic steroids) it commonly results in a loss of one pound of lean mass for each pound of fat. It is reasonable to assume that extended aerobic activity has the same hormonal effect with the same tissue loss.
Increased HGH does not increase systemic IGF-1 under conditions of low insulin and hypoglycemia. Increasing systemic IGF-1 would require a huge bolus of amino-acids and glucose immediately after terminating the exercise before HGH declines.
The systemic isoform of IGF-1 is not particularly effective at increasing muscle and is responsible for most of the negative side effects of HGH injection. Conversely, resistance training increases the muscle-specific IGF-1 isoform within the trained muscle.
This study does not argue against the common wisdom that aerobic activity leads to muscle loss and interferes with muscle growth.