there is another reason that is equally, if not more the driving factor behind the gov't wanting to ban ephedra/ephedrine: the fact that ephedrine is the prefered starting material in methamphetamine synthesis. the hydroxy (OH) group is easily reduced using a pretty basic and easy to do reaction--producing methamphetamine.
similarly, the recently banned phenylpropanolamine (PPA--a stimulant, appetite suppressent and anti-histamine) is converted to amphetamine by reducing its hydroxy (OH) group with the same reaction. then the amphetamine can be converted to meth by adding a methyl group if so desired, also using a fairly basic and easy to do reaction.
the dea put pressure on the FDA to ban both of these compounds. there was significant resistance from the pharmaceutical companies when phenylpropanolamine (PPA) was banned--(it was the only FDA approved non-prescription appetite supressant at that time) the companies said that the gov't was inflating the risk (the reason for the ban was that it apparently caused stroke in a few cases, which may or may not have been linked to PPA). there was also a lot of resistance to the ephedra ban by the supplment industries--which actually delayed the ban on ephedra. they were able to keep it on the market for several years after the gov't first started trying to ban it. the fact that it is a traditional chinese medicine probably makes the ban harder to put in place and enforce.
i saw both of these bans coming years ago, when i learned that they could be easily converted to controlled substances. the other compound that is used in meth manufacturing is pseudoephedrine (pseudofed), which is so commonly used in cold & allergy medications that it cannot easily be banned. i would assume that if they find a drug that has similar theraputic properties that could replace pseudofed, that they would try to ban pseudoephedrine as well. currently, you cannot buy more than a couple of packages of it at a time as they try to control the sale of large amounts to prevent it from ending-up in clandestine meth labs.
the fact that ephedrine and PPA are chemical precoursers of illicit stimulants is the primary reason why they are being (or have been) banned, although it is unlikely that this will be mentioned as the reason--instead they try to prove that the compounds are 'unsafe' in some way, giving them the excuse to ban them. many drugs sold on the market in the US are much more dangerous than these compounds--but the gov't doesn't have reason to ban them simply for safety--the key point is their use in clandestine drug manufacture.
See Invalid Link Removed for phenylpropanolamine (PPA) ban info.
I am posting pertainent sections of the chemical control act below:
(full text can be found at Invalid Link Removed)
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The CDTA also had an initial impact on the number of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories in the United States. In the first three years after the law was passed, the number of clandestine laboratories seized by the DEA declined by 61 percent. In addition, injuries attributed to illicitly manufactured controlled substances that were reported to the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) declined by almost 60 percent during the same time period.
The provisions of the CDTA regarding bulk ephedrine and pseudoephedrine caused methamphetamine traffickers to look for other sources of the precursors. The traffickers noted that the CDTA contained an exemption for over-the-counter (OTC) products that contained regulated chemicals. They took advantage of this loophole by turning to single entity OTC ephedrine tablets and capsules whose single active ingredient was ephedrine as a source of precursor material for the illicit production of methamphetamine.
Federal legislation was passed in 1993 in response to the methamphetamine traffickers' switch to OTC ephedrine products. The legislation was the Domestic Chemical Diversion and Control Act of 1993 (DCDCA) that became effective on April 16, 1994. The DCDCA eliminated the CDTA terminology of "precursors" and "essential" for chemicals regulated under that act and replaced them with the terms "List I" and "List II" chemicals. The DCDCA also removed the exemption for OTC single entity ephedrine tablets thus closing the loophole left by the CDTA. In addition, it gave the DEA the authority to remove the exemption for any other drugs containing listed chemicals if it was shown that they were being diverted for the illicit production of controlled substances. The DCDCA required that all manufacturers, distributors, importers, and exporters of List I chemicals be registered with the DEA and that bulk manufacturers of List I and List II chemicals report on the total quantity of listed chemicals produced during the year. Record keeping and reporting requirements for transactions in single-entity ephedrine products were also imposed by the DCDCA.
Methamphetamine traffickers quickly reacted to the provisions of the DCDCA by switching to single-entity pseudoephedrine products and combination products of ephedrine. The Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 (MCA) was passed to counter the traffickers' response to the DCDCA. The MCA expanded regulatory controls on all lawfully marketed drug products containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine, and it increased penalties for the trafficking and manufacturing of methamphetamine and listed chemicals. The MCA also made it unlawful for any person to distribute a "laboratory supply" to a person who uses, or attempts to use, that "laboratory supply" to manufacture a controlled drug or listed chemicals with reckless disregard for the illegal uses to which such "laboratory supply" will be put. The Special Surveillance List was published by the Attorney General and consisted of all listed chemicals, all mixtures, and all OTC products and dietary supplements that contain listed chemicals, 28 other chemicals frequently used in the clandestine production of controlled drugs, or listed chemicals and 4 pieces of laboratory equipment commonly found at clandestine drug laboratories. Individuals who violate the "laboratory supply" provision of the MCA are subject to a maximum civil fine of $25,000. Businesses that violate the provision are subject to a maximum civil fine of $250,000.
Ready access to chemical supplies is critical to drug traffickers. Traffickers continuously look for loopholes in legislation and new methods of clandestine production routes in an effort to continue their illegal activity. The DEA has embraced chemical control as an important tool in reducing the availability of clandestinely produced drugs and is committed to depriving drug traffickers of the chemicals needed to manufacture illicit drugs. Currently, List I and List II of the CSA contain 35 chemicals.