Clout™ also provides the exact level of Orotic Acid shown to work effectively on three levels:
1. Enhancement of performance. This may have been achieved by a selection of Mechanisms but of most importance is as a precursor for carnosine synthesis. In fact research proves that Orotic Acid is very much a nutrient that can increase muscle carnosine levels [11].
2. Orotic Acid has been shown to increase muscle Uridine levels. Work by Rosenfeldt et al. (1998) showed under hypoxic (lack of oxygen) conditions (found following anaerobic exercise) elevation of intramuscular Uridine levels increased muscle phosphocreatine and creatine levels 38% and 3%, respectively[12]. Elevated Uridine levels, a RNA base, have been shown to increase muscle contractile capacity.
3. Lastly, Orotate salts being neutrally charged pass easily through cell membranes [13]. In effect, orotate shuttles the mineral atoms into cells and tissues, producing higher concentrations. Considering the creatine's inherent issues with bioavailability and stability bioavailability, orotic acid is advantageous in resolving those issues. OA thus improves creatine's efficacy and rate of target tissue saturation of phosphocreatine.
That's Not All...Orotic Acid Has Been Proven To:
1. Enhance and Maintain ATP pools
2. Increase Glucose Uptake
3. Increase Ribose Moieties (R-1-P & R-5-P) Leading to Enhanced Ribose Formation
4. Increased Muscle Carnosine Stores
5. Support and Enhance Muscle Hypertrophy (via RNA synthesis support during growth)
------
What Evidence For Performance Effect?
In 2003 Harris et al.[13] investigated Beta-alanine supplementation and its influence on the capacity to undertake intense exercise normally associated with lactate accumulation [14]. The dose of beta-alanine delivered in Clout™ enhanced maximal workout puts over a 4 minute maximal exercise test. Again authors suggested these beneficial performance effects down to increased muscle buffering capacity which aids the maintenance of muscle pH.
-----
How Does It Work?
N-Acetyl Cysteine again is a powerful antioxidant and its main influence on muscle damaging free radicals is its influence at enhancing muscle and other cell glutathione levels [15]. Secondly, it can also provide acetyl groups which could be used for entry into the Krebs cycle and energy generation overcoming deficiencies in the PDH complex.
What Evidence For Performance Effect?
There are two immense supplementation studies that show the influence of cysteine donors on performance. Sen et al. (1994) gave 200 x 4mg/day of NAC and an 800mg bolus before a maximal bike test [16]. Clout™ delivers probably the highest amounts of NAC in any sports supplement many times above the cysteine and acetyl groups delivered in these studies! OK back to the outcome of the Sen study, NAC resulted in a higher net post exercise antioxidant capacity [17]. But can elevating oxidative capacity through cysteine donation influence performance? The answer is simply YES! A study presented at the ACSM on whey protein delivering similar cysteine levels to those in Clout™ improved muscle fatigue during fatiguing leg extension exercise [18].
------
What Is It?
Phosphate "donation" would theoretically lead to enhanced athletic performance as mentioned below.ATP is your basic energy molecule and perhaps the most essential in the idea of ergogenics and athletic performance. Phosphate maybe one of, if not the most important mineral constituent required for cellular activity due to its biological interactions with metabolic intermediates and energy producing compounds. Changes in cellular phosphate levels have been linked to enhanced exercise capacity time and time again. Supplementation is a proven method to achieve this guaranteed performance effect.
-----
How Does It Work?
Vinpocetine has been shown to be effective by increasing 2,3 DPG levels (Oxygen delivery capacity)[24], ATP (energy levels)[25], and antioxidant activity[26].
------
Magnesium plays a number of roles in the body, being required for more than 325 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in the synthesis of muscle protein, as well as muscular contraction and relaxation (including the heart). The synthesis of ATP depletes magnesium-dependent enzymes, known as ATPases. Further, a large-scale survey of athletes in one study were significantly deficient in magnesium, at only 70% of RDA on average. [29] The RDA, does not even represent optimal nutrient intakes for performance athletes/bodybuilders, meaning they may have only been getting half as much as they needed. What Evidence For Performance Effect?
In a recent study on magnesium restriction with athletes over 3 months the results were dramatic. For a given workload, peak oxygen uptake, total and cumulative net oxygen utilization and heart rate all were significantly increased during the study period. The amount of the increase direct correlation to the degree of magnesium depleti
------
What Evidence for Performance Effect?
The acetyl group of acetyl L-carnitine is used to form acetyl-CoA, the primary intermediary in the production of energy from amino acids, fats, and carbohydrates. Therefore, acetyl L-carnitine acts as an energy reserve of acetyl groups and both acetylcarnitine and carnitine help enhance ergogenesis for the athlete. The acetyl group of acetyl L-carnitine is also used to make the critical neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Research also shows that ALCAR may act as a neurotransmitter itself. [32,33,34]
Plus cissus and rpm.
