[chi_town]

Can Keto really make you smarter or will you just remember more???

Reduced Glucose Tolerance is Associated With Poor Memory
Reference:
Convit, A., Wolf, O.T., Tarshish, C., et al., "Reduced Glucose Tolerance is Associated With Poor Memory Performance and Hippocampal Atrophy Among Normal Elderly," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(4), 2003, pages 2019-2022.

Summary:

Poor glucose tolerance and memory deficits, short of dementia, often accompanies aging. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether, among nondiabetic, nondemented middle-aged and elderly individuals, poorer glucose tolerance is associated with reductions in memory performance and smaller hippocampal volumes. We studied 30 subjects who were evaluated consecutively in an outpatient research setting. The composition of the participant group was 57% female and 68.6 +/- 7.5 years of age; the participants had an average education of 16.2 +/- 2.3 years, a score on the Mini Mental State Examination of 28.6 +/- 1.5, a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) of 5.88 +/- 0.74%, and a body mass index of 24.9 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2). Glucose tolerance was measured by an i.v. glucose tolerance test. Memory was tested by using the Wechsler Paragraphs recall tests at the time of administering the i.v. glucose tolerance test. The hippocampus and other brain volumes were measured by using validated methods on standardized MRIs. Decreased peripheral glucose regulation was associated with decreased general cognitive performance, memory impairments, and atrophy of the hippocampus, a brain area that is key for learning and memory. These associations were independent of age and Mini Mental State Examination scores. Therefore, these data suggest that metabolic substrate delivery may influence hippocampal structure and function. This observation may bring to light a mechanism for aging brain injury that may have substantial medical impact, given the large number of elderly individuals with impaired glucose metabolism.


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I guess it may do both..........LOL

[windwords7]

So your saying that Keto helps glucose tolerance?

[chi_town]

Originally posted by windwords7
So your saying that Keto helps glucose tolerance?

YES.

From numerous studies, we know that "impaired oral glucose tolerance" is associated directly with "insulin resistance".
For the most part, except for I believe type2 diabetics (correct me if I am wrong), as insulin resistance increases, glucose tolerance decreases.

KETO or CKD diets are proven to help increase insulin sensitivity, thus decreasing insulin resistance.

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A little more info on glucose tolerance........
from .......
http://www.endocrineweb.com

[1] Fasting Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar) Level:

The "gold standard" for diagnosing diabetes is an elevated blood sugar level after an overnight fast (not eating anything after midnight). A value above 140 mg/dl on at least two occasions typically means a person has diabetes. Normal people have fasting sugar levels that generally run between 70-110 mg/dl.



[2] The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

An oral glucose tolerance test is one that can be performed in a doctor's office or a lab. The person being tested starts the test in a fasting state (having no food or drink except water for at least 10 hours but not greater than 16 hours). An initial blood sugar is drawn and then the person is given a "glucola" bottle with a high amount of sugar in it (75 grams of glucose), (or 100 grams for pregnant women). The person then has their blood tested again 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after drinking the high glucose drink.

For the test to give reliable results, you must be in good health (not have any other illnesses, not even a cold). Also, you should be normally active (for example, not lying down or confined to a bed like a patient in a hospital) and taking no medicines that could affect your blood glucose. The morning of the test, you should not smoke or drink coffee. During the test, you need to lie or sit quietly.



The oral glucose tolerance test is conducted by measuring blood glucose levels five times over a period of 3 hours. In a person without diabetes, the glucose levels in the blood rise following drinking the glucose drink, but then then fall quickly back to normal (because insulin is produced in response to the glucose, and the insulin has a normal effect of lowing blood glucose.) In a diabetic, glucose levels rise higher than normal after drinking the glucose drink and come down to normal levels much slower (insulin is either not produced, or it is produced but the cells of the body do not respond to it) (see details on type 1 and type 2 diabetes for more information on this topic).

As with fasting or random blood glucose tests, a markedly abnormal oral glucose tolerance test is diagnostic of diabetes. However, blood glucose measurements during the oral glucose tolerance test can vary somewhat. For this reason, if the test shows that you have mildly elevated blood glucose levels, the doctor may run the test again to make sure the diagnosis is correct.



Glucose tolerance tests may lead to one of the following diagnoses:

Normal Response

A person is said to have a normal response when the 2-hour glucose level is less than or equal to 110 mg/dl.

Impaired Fasting Glucose

When a person has a fasting glucose equal to or greater than 110 and less than 126 mg/dl, they are said to have impaired fasting glucose. This is considered a risk factor for future diabetes, and will likely trigger another test in the future, but by itself, does not make the diagnosis of diabetes.

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

A person is said to have impaired glucose tolerance when the 2-hour glucose results from the oral glucose tolerance test are greater than or equal to 140 but less than 200 mg/dl. This is also considered a risk factor for future diabetes. There has recently been discussion about lowering the upper value to 180 mg/dl to diagnose more mild diabetes to allow earlier intervention and hopefully prevention of diabetic complications.

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This does apply because we know that keto can and does inprove insulin sensitivity. If our insulin is more effective, our ability to shuttle (use) glucose (glucose tolerance) should and does improve.

This is why Ketonic diets have been used effectively for diabetics, with many seeing improvement sto their diabetic conditions directly from the diet.

****hope I did not get too off track............******

LOL

PEACE

[Biggs]

hmm... no wonder I'm such a dumbass (must... put down... Krispy... Kreme...)

[Kruger]

And no wonder Chi and I are head and shoulders above the rest!

[Rhapsody]

When I'm doing the diet......my blood pressure drops and my blood sugar drops. All I do is increase my sodium intake to help with fatigue until my body adusts to it.

Toward the end of the first week I become mentally sluggish......eventually it subsides. I've always wondered why this happens.

[windwords7]

Originally posted by Rhapsody
When I'm doing the diet......my blood pressure drops and my blood sugar drops. All I do is increase my sodium intake to help with fatigue until my body adusts to it.

Rhap is my low blood pressure remedy.....

[Rhapsody]

Originally posted by windwords7


Rhap is my low blood pressure remedy.....

Be Careful, chief

I don't come with a negative feedback loop...

[windwords7]

Originally posted by Rhapsody



Be Careful, chief

I don't come with a negative feedback loop...

Nice! Ill live Im sure.

[Kruger]

Originally posted by Rhapsody
When I'm doing the diet......my blood pressure drops and my blood sugar drops. All I do is increase my sodium intake to help with fatigue until my body adusts to it.

Toward the end of the first week I become mentally sluggish......eventually it subsides. I've always wondered why this happens.

Your brain adjusts to using ketones for brain functions. Its primary fuel is glucose but during ketosis ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) are used for brain metabolism instead. Once that switch is made, the fog clears.

[windwords7]

Originally posted by Bobo


Your brain adjusts to using ketones for brain functions. Its primary fuel is glucose but during ketosis ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) are used for brain metabolism instead. Once that switch is made, the fog clears.

You and your damn big words!! J/K bro! Here is how I see what your wrote since being on keto:

primary fuel is bodies...Once that switch is made, the fog clears.

[chi_town]

Originally posted by Bobo


Your brain adjusts to using ketones for brain functions. Its primary fuel is glucose but during ketosis ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) are used for brain metabolism instead. Once that switch is made, the fog clears.

Correct.

But even after ketones become the main source of fuel...some glucose is still used by the brain........be it extreamly smaller amounts.

The more I do keto (and many find the same thing), the less the brain fog and for a shorter duration.


WW7, easy on Bobo......he's got another tag team member now. LOL


PEACE

[scotty2]

Holy ****, an intelligent conversation. Maybe Chi has learned his lesson about posting such good stuff at that other site.

[jweave23]

I don't remember feeling any brain fog on keto...then again maybe that's becuase I'm continually confused

[Alpha Dog]

Originally posted by jweave23
I don't remember feeling any brain fog on keto...then again maybe that's becuase I'm continually confused

I'm with weave. I don't think I'm smart enought to notice a difference.

From the Simpsons
Nurses question: Dizziness, nausea, confusion?
Bart's response: Yea, but no more than usual.

[Kruger]

Good point Chi. I tihnk manose is the only substrate than can be used if there is no glucose present.

For the rest of you, Have fun reading this one

Brain Energy Metabolism

An Integrated Cellular Perspective

Pierre J. Magistretti, Luc Pellerin, and Jean-Luc Martin




INTRODUCTION


The development of a felted sheath of neuroglia fibers in the ground-substance immediately surrounding the blood vessels of the Brain seems therefore . . . to allow of the free passage of lymph and metabolic products which enter into the fluid and general metabolism of the nerve cells.

—W. L. ANDRIEZEN (1)


Glucose is the obligatory energy substrate for brain and it is almost entirely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. This simple statement summarizes, with few exceptions, over four decades of careful studies of brain energy metabolism at the organ and regional levels, extensively reviewed elsewhere (e.g., 10, 60, 61). To reflect the focus of this book, and to include recent observations made in several laboratories including our own, we provide in this chapter a key for reinterpreting brain energy metabolism with a cellular perspective. This key relies primarily on the cytological relationships and chemical interactions among the various cell types of the brain. The view that emerges from this cellular and molecular analysis is a cell-specific sequence of processes that eventually leads to the