Here is how I set goals with my clients (and what I teach in some of my classes).
We use a top-down goal setting approach. That is, we first set the overall goal. This might be bench press 400 pounds, a competition weight/bF%, certain measures of speed, power, endurance...etc.
We then set intermediate goals. These are generally monthly, or training cycle based. And they are usually performance based goals.
Next are goals for the phase of training. I generally program in block format, with blocks lasting 3-4 weeks, so we set specific performance goals for each block. Increase bench press by 5 pounds, for example.
Finally we set short term goals. These goals are on a weekly basis and even on a workout basis. What is the goal of the workout. For higher level athletes they are outcome goals (such as lift X weight) for personal training clients they are usually process goals (complete all workouts for the week with full effort, etc.)
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