what are the best exercises for the outer calf? is it possible for the calf to extend outward beyond your shin?

Seated moves hit that area a bit more directly, compared to straight leg moves. Bot are important. makes sure all your exercises are strict reps. You need a full contraction and hold at top, slow negative, and hold stretch at bottom. if you aren't doing reps like this, you will probably have to drop some weight. just bouncing a ton of half reps won't get it. Try 1 seated and 1 standing exercise. do 3 sets each, 12-15 slow reps. Stretch calfs for 20-30 seconds each in between sets. They should be on fire at rep 8-9, then push through 5-6 more. The reps you do after they are burning are what really count. Try it and see how they feel the next day.