Arjuna also offers some pretty significant liver protection. I was chatting with Dr D about this herb a couple of years ago because it seems like a boon for BBers..ie cardio and hepatic protection.
Anywho, I have used it for a while and it did seem to increase my cardio efficiency a bit.
You are correct sir. I feel this is one of my better discoveries. Of course I did not discover it
Arjuna benefit for heart
Over the years, several studies have been done with Arjuna. Here's a summary of some of the studies. You can find the abstracts at the bottom of this page.
Arjuna has been tested in patients with angina. Arjuna dilates blood vessels, even in cigarette smokers.
Arjunolic acid, a new triterpene and a potent extract from the bark of Terminalia arjuna, has been shown to provide significant cardiac protection in myocardial necrosis in rats. Arjunolic acid treatment prevents the decrease in the levels of powerful antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid.
Additional actions of arjuna herb
Arjuna has compounds that protect against DNA damage from toxins.
Compounds in Arjuna may help maintain healthy cholesterol.
A substance in Arjuna, casuarinin, inhibits breast cancer cell growth in laboratory studies.
Arjuna Terminalia Research Update
Effects of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2.
World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Feb 21;12(7):1018-24.
AIM: To investigate the effects of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) extract on human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and its possible role in induction of apoptosis. T. arjuna induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells in vitro. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells may be due to the DNA damage and expression of apoptotic proteins. Depletion of GSH may be involved in the induction of apoptosis of HepG2 cells.
Antioxidant activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;281(1-2):87-93. Sivalokanathan S, Ilayaraja M, Balasubramanian MP.
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant nature of ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced liver cancer in male Wistar albino rats. Our results show an antioxidant activity of T. arjuna bark against DEN-induced liver cancer.
Role of Terminalia arjuna in ischaemic mitral regurgitation.
Int J Cardiol. 2005 Apr 28;100(3):507-8. Dwivedi S, Aggarwal A, Agarwal MP, Rajpal S.
The bark powder of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous plant has been found to have antianginal, decongestive and hypolipidemic effect. We planned a study to evaluate the role of T. arjuna in ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). 40 patients with fresh AMI showing IMR were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 each. They were given placebo or 500 mg of T. arjuna in addition to anti-ischemic treatment. After 1 and 3 months of follow up, patients receiving adjuvant T. arjuna showed significant decrease in IMR, improvement in E/A ratio and considerable reduction in anginal frequency.
Casuarinin from the Bark of Terminalia arjuna Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cells.
Planta Med. 2005 Mar;71(3):237-43.
Casuarinin, a hydrolyzable tannin isolated from the bark of Terminalia arjuna L. (Combretaceae), was investigated for its antiproliferative activity in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. The results showed that casuarinin from arjuna inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 by blocking cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. Our study reports here for the first time that the induction of p21/WAF1 and the activity of Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of casuarinin in MCF-7 cells.
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) protects rabbit heart against ischemic-reperfusion injury: role of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;96(3):403-9.
The bark of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. is widely recommended for the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Indian system of medicine. Oral administration of Terminalia arjuna for 12 weeks in rabbits caused augmentation of myocardial antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) along with induction of heat shock protein72 (HSP72). In vivo ischemic-reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress, tissue injury of heart and haemodynamic effects were prevented in the Terminalia arjuna treated rabbit hearts. The study provides scientific basis for the putative therapeutic effect of Terminalia arjuna in ischemic heart disease.
Terminalia arjuna reverses impaired endothelial function in chronic smokers.
Indian Heart J. 2004 Mar-Apr;56(2):123-8.
Smoking, largely through increased oxidative stress, causes endothelial dysfunction which is an early key event in atherosclerosis. The present study was aimed to determine whether Terminalia arjuna, an Indian medicinal plant with potent antioxidant constituents, would improve endothelial dysfunction in smokers. Eighteen healthy male smokers and equal number of age-matched non-smoker controls participated in the study. The baseline brachial artery reactivity studies were performed to determine endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation and endothelium-independent nitroglycerine-mediated dilation. Subsequently the smokers were given Terminalia arjuna (500 mg q8h) or matching placebo randomly in a double blind cross-over design for two weeks each, followed by repetition of brachial artery reactivity studies. There was no significant difference as regards vessel diameter and flow velocities between the two therapies. However, the flow-mediated dilation showed significant improvement from baseline values after Terrminalia arjuna therapy but not with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers have impaired endothelium-dependent but normal endothelium-independent vasodilation as determined by brachial artery reactivity studies. Further, Terrminalia arjuna therapy for two weeks leads to significant regression of this endothelial abnormality amongst smokers.
Cardioprotective effect of the alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark in an in vivo model of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.
Life Sci. 2003 Oct 10;73(21):2727-39.
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of the alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark on isoproterenol induced myocardial injury. The arjuna was administered orally to Wistar albino rats 6 days/week for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, all the animals, except the normal untreated rats that served as the control group, were administered isoproterenol for two consecutive days to induce in vivo myocardial injury. A significant rise in myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and loss of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (suggestive of increased oxidative stress) occurred in the hearts subjected to in vivo myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. In in vivo ischemic reperfusion injury of the arjuna treated rats there was a significant decrease in TBARS in all the groups. The present study demonstrates that arjuna augments endogenous antioxidant compounds of the rat heart and also prevents the myocardium from isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.
A novel naphthanol glycoside from Terminalia arjuna with antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibitory activities.
Pharmazie. 2003 Dec;58(12):932-4.
A novel naphthanol glycoside, arjunaphthanoloside (1), was isolated from the stem bark of Terminalia arjuna and showed potent antioxidant activity.
Possible mechanisms of hypotension produced 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna in anaesthetized dogs.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2003 Oct 16;3(1):5.
The bark of Terminalia arjuna is used in Ayurveda since ancient times for the treatment of cardiac disorders. Previous laboratory investigations have demonstrated the use of the arjuna bark in cardiovascular complications. The present study was aimed to find the effect of 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna on anaesthetized dog blood pressure and probable site of action. Six dogs were anaesthetized and the blood pressure of each dog was measured. The extract of arjuna (dissolved in propylene glycol) in the dose range of 5 to 15 mg/kg were administered intravenously in a pilot study and the dose (6 mg/kg) which produced appreciable hypotension was selected for further studies. RESULTS: Intravenous administration of arjuna produced dose-dependent hypotension in anaesthetized dogs. The results indicated the likely involvement of peripheral mechanism for hypotension produced by the 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna and lends support for the claims of its traditional usage in cardiovascular disorders.
Antimutagenic activities of acetone and methanol fractions of Terminalia arjuna.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Oct;40(10):1475-82.
Efficacy of Terminalia arjuna in chronic stable angina: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study comparing Terminalia arjuna with isosorbide mononitrate.
Indian Heart J. 2002 Mar-Apr;54(2):170-5.
Terminalia arjuna, an Indian medicinal plant, has been reported to have beneficial effects in patients with ischemic heart disease in a number of small, open studies. The need for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with adequate sample size has long been felt. The arjuna bark extract contains acids (arjunic acid, terminic acid), glycosides (arjunetin arjunosides), strong antioxidants (flavones, tannins, oligomeric proanthocyanidins), minerals. etc. and exhibits anti-ischemic properties. Fifty-eight males with chronic stable angina (NYHA class II-III) with evidence of provocable ischemia on treadmill exercise test received Terminalia arjuna (500 mg 8 hourly), isosorbide mononitrate (40 mg/daily) or a matching placebo for one week each, separated by a wash-out period of at least three days in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. They underwent clinical, biochemical and treadmill exercise evaluation at the end of each therapy which were compared during the three therapy periods. Terminalia arjuna therapy was associated with significant decrease in the frequency of angina and need for isosorbide dinitrate. The treadmill exercise test parameters improved significantly during therapy with arjuna compared to those with placebo. The total duration of exercise increased, maximal ST depression during the longest equivalent stages of submaximal exercise decreased , time to recovery decreased, and higher double products were achieved during arjuna therapy. Similar improvements in clinical and treadmill exercise test parameters were observed with isosorbide mononitrate compared to placebo therapy. No significant differences were observed in clinical or treadmill exercise test parameters when arjuna and isosorbide mononitrate therapies were compared. No significant untoward effects were reported during arjuna therapy. Terminalia arjuna bark extract, 500 mg 8 hourly, given to patients with stable angina with provocable ischemia on treadmill exercise, led to improvement in clinical and treadmill exercise parameters as compared to placebo therapy. These benefits were similar to those observed with isosorbide mononitrate (40 mg/day) therapy and the extract was well tolerated. Limitations of this study include applicability of the results to only men with chronic stable angina but not necessarily to women, as they were not studied.
Antioxidant and hypocholesterolaemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree-bark powder: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Feb;49:231-5.
To evaluate the antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree bark (a popular cardiotonic substance in Indian pharmacopoeia) and to compare it with a known antioxidant, vitamin E, we performed a randomized controlled trial. One hundred and five successive patients with coronary heart disease presenting to our centre were recruited and divided into 3 groups of 35 each. None of the patients was on lipid-lowering drugs. Supplemental vitamins were stopped for one month before study began and American Heart Association Step II dietary advice was given to all. At baseline, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol and lipid peroxide estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined. Group I received placebo capsules; Group II vitamin E capsules 400 units/day; and Group III received finely pulverized arjuna tree bark-powder (500 mg) in capsules daily. Lipids and lipid peroxide levels were determined at 30 days follow-up. Response rate in various groups varied from 86% to 91%. No significant changes in total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels were seen in Groups I and II. In Group III there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Lipid peroxide levels decreased significantly in both the treatment groups. This decrease was more in vitamin E group as compared to the arjuna group. Terminalia arjuna tree bark powder has significant antioxidant action that is comparable to vitamin E. In addition, it also has a significant hypocholesterolaemic effect.
Antigenotoxic properties of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1999;18(2):119-25.
Compounds possessing antimutagenic properties (polyphenols, tannins, vitamins, etc.) have been identified in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants. Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae), a tropical woody tree occurring throughout India and known locally as Kumbuk, is a medicinal plant rich in tannins and triterpenes that is used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine as a cardiac tonic. The aim of the present collaborative work was to test six solvent extracts from the bark of Terminalia arjuna for antigenotoxic activity using in vitro short-term tests. Terminalia arjuna extracts were obtained by sequential extraction using acetone, methanol, methanol + HCl, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethyl ether.
