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WARNING: If you have ANY issue whatsoever with the color or name Pink Magic, stop reading now. If you feel you’re just too cool, tough or “manly”, this is not for you.
If the color pink makes you uncomfortable (outwardly, of course – we all know you play dress up when no one is looking – not that there’s anything wrong with that) leave now, you simply won’t be able to handle this.
However, if you’re a rationale human being and can “handle” (and maybe even enjoy) swallowing little pink pills that can help you crush workouts & reach your goals, then read away – Pink just may be your new favorite color.
"The Look"
Let's face it, whether you're big, small, ripped, fat, smooth, sliced or somewhere in between, your physique would skyrocket in "stature & respect" if you were able to add dense muscle – cut to smithereens, vascular and as full as a hot air balloon...
...I don't care if you're a buck 30 soaking wet or a solid 3 bills year 'round...
- Nothing takes your physique to the next level like adding dense muscle that's lean and vascular. NOTHING.
This is commonly referred to as "The Look" – lean & vascular, yet dense, full muscle development...
Unfortunately, it's unbelievably difficult to accomplish naturally...
Your Choice - Ripped & Weak or Big & Fat
When you bulk up, you get soft & smooth as a baby's behind...
When you lean out, you're muscles get weak and so flat Aunt Jemima would be proud...
...It always seems as though you're taking two steps forward and one step back...
This is nothing new...Bodybuilders, Fitness Freaks & Everyday Joe's have been dealing with this since the first barbell was invented...
USPlabs Pink Magic™
Instant Underground Legend. Buzz built so fast tabloids are jealous. So Bad Ass We Had To Make It Pink.
USPlabs Pink Magic ingredients:
Certain compounds present in these plants have been shown in animal models to inhibit various subtypes of phosphodiesterase, an enzyme (technically, a class of enzymes) which degrades cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophostphae) and cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), cyclic nucleotide molecules which serve important roles in the human body (2).
By inhibiting these different subtypes of phosphodiesterase, cAMP and cGMP levels can be increased in different tissues where various beneficial effects can be seen.
First, by inhibiting the cAMP-phosphodiesterase in skeletal muscle, it is thought that an anti-catabolic effect can be seen by suppressing calcium and ATP-dependent proteolysis, a mechanism that is shared by compounds like clenbuterol (3-10).
By increasing intracellular cAMP in skeletal muscle and the consequential decrease in calcium and ATP-dependent proteolysis, a net positive protein balance may occur in muscle…
This is a rarely-exploited natural anti-catabolic/anabolic pathway...and a VERY exciting one to say the least...and we aren't even close to being done...
Potential Fat Loss Too?
Furthermore, by increasing cAMP in fat cells, lipolysis (fat breakdown) can also increase…
In fact, animal model studies and traditional Asian medicine have noted this exact thing, demonstrating increased lipolysis and anti-obesity properties (11-13).
Amino & Glucose Transport
In addition to these effects, by inhibiting other subtypes of phosphodiesterase a vasodilatory effect can occur, allowing for increased amino acid and glucose transport to skeletal muscle (2,14-17).
Pumped To The Gills While Cutting?
In addition, this vasodilatory effect can potentially lead to greater "pumps" and the feeling of fuller muscles, while also potentially increasing lipolysis (2,18).
Keeps Going Like That Bunny
Unlike various nitric oxide (NO) products which can lose their effectiveness over time, these compounds will not do so.
Synergystic with Nitric Oxide Products?
In fact, these compounds may prevent N.O. products from losing their effectiveness in the first place (19-23).
Additionally, these compounds may even increase or potentiate the effects of nitric oxide products(24).
How so, you ask?
Well, to answer that, we must look at how the beloved nitric oxide (N.O.) molecule allows for vasodilation and the subsequent benefits...
N.O. is involved in the NO/guanylyl (guanylate) cyclase/cyclic GMP-dependent cascade...
In effect, it is thought that the N.O. molecule works by binding to and activating soluble guanylyl (guanylate) cyclase, which in turn catalyzes the formation of cGMP from guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
Once the previously mentioned second messenger, cGMP accumulates intracellularly in the given cell/tissue type (in this case smooth muscle), activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase G or PKG) occurs and eventually leads to vasodilation, in this particular case.
So, again, how might Pink Magic prevent N.O. products from losing their effectiveness and possibly even potentiate their effects?
Well, it appears that one mechanism behind the reduction of N.O.'s effectiveness is an increase in the activity of cGMP-phosphodiesterase, which as we discussed earlier, is responsible for degrading cGMP...
Since the body can't stop you from ingesting compounds designed to increase N.O., it does the next best thing by increasing the expression of enzymes designed to reduce the downstream effectiveness of N.O....
In effect, it decreases levels of cGMP and thus reduces the level of vasodilation and other potential benefits...
However, since Pink Magic contains compounds known to inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase, this can not only work to prevent the decline in effectiveness of N.O. products, it may even potentiate the effects of them through the same mechanism...
You'll have that N.O. product working to increase cGMP levels, while the key ingredients in Pink Magic may prevent the degradation of cGMP!
Yet, unlike most N.O. products, these compounds won't succumb to decreased effectiveness through decreased cGMP levels.
Endurance
If this weren't enough, one may also notice an increase in resistance to fatigue as a result of direct effect upon skeletal muscle (i.e., cAMP accumulation in both type I [slow-twitch] and type II [fast-twitch] can result in a resistance or decrease of fatigue) and the diaphragm; furthermore, by increasing cGMP accumulation in other cell types, one can potentially increase blood flow and the contractility of the heart, also resulting in greater resistance to fatigue (14,25).
In other words, you may be able to bang out more reps!
Strong Like Bull
As if all that wasn't enough, the compounds in the product can also potentially increase strength (26).
By inhibiting one of the phosphodiesterase subtypes, the contractility of skeletal muscles is increased. It is thought that this is accomplished by increasing therelease of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction while also sensitizing itto acetylcholine.
It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's a Test Booster too?
Massularia acuminata is a plant that has long been used in parts of Africa as an aphrodisiac...
Recent evidence suggests that these aphrodisiac properties noted anecdotally in humans, are due to the plant's ability to increase endogenous testosterone levels.
In a study in animal models, an aqueous extract of the plant was shown to increase serum luteinizing hormone and testicular testosterone levels by approximately 66% and 60%, respectively, relative to controls, after 3 weeks of administration in the highest dose group (1).
The increase in testosterone was found to be a dose-dependent effect, increasing significantly with each dose escalation.
In addition, other androgenic markers also indicated that the plant was effective in this regard, including a significant increase in testes-bodyweight ratio.
The authors of the study concluded that the use of the plant as an aphrodisiac is likely tied to its androgenic potential (i.e., ability to increase testosterone levels), based upon these data gathered in an animal model.
All of these effects were demonstrated without any note of adverse effects.
That's right, a potent natural test stimulator as an "added benefit" - wow!
How do ya like them apples? Even if you hate apples, you're lovin' the sound of this...
I want to be perfectly clear: Pink Magic isn't for dudes that train biceps 6 times per week and wouldn't know a squat if it dropkicked them across the face...
Will Pink Magic give you a "sick pump bro" if you just blast guns every day? Sure...
...But don't insult it like that. That's not why we released it...
We released it because:
A. It's awesome
B. The feedback by dozens & dozens of testers screaming for more after they ran it.
These were serious lifters who know their bodies & know when something is working...
...Not some clowns with ILS (Imaginary Lat Syndrome in case you were wondering)...
If you're offended by my last sentence, then tough cookies. Go drink some pump juice and carry on with your Ron Burgundy-like concentration curls...
*The Beta-testing group was a group of individuals who were provided with a bottle of Pink Magic (no charge) to provide their detailed experience with the product. They were told to report their results – good, bad or indifferent at USPLabsDirect.com - Powered by vBulletin "Pink Magic Chronicles". They were also instructed not to use any supplements along with Pink Magic besides basic supplements such as multi-vitamins, fish oil, protein, creatine etc. Some users may have used additional supplements. USPlabs had no control over this. This was the largest "real-time" Beta-test in USPlabs history. The excerpts in this letter are from our most successful testers.
References
1. Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT, et al. Androgenic potentials of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata (G. Don) Bullock ex Hoyl. Stem in male Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Aug 13;118(3):508-513
2. Rahimi R, Ghiasi S, Azimi H, et al. A review of the herbal phosphodiesterase inhibitors; future perspective of new drugs. Cytokine. 2010 Feb;49(2):123-129
3. Lira EC, Graca FA, Goncalves DA, et al. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase inhibitors reduce skeletal muscle protein catabolism in septic rats. Shock. 2007 Jun;27(6):687-694
4. Baviera AM, Zanon NM, Carvalho Navegantes LC, et al. Pentoxifylline inhibits Ca2+-dependent and ATP proteasome-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle from acutely diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;292(3):E702-708
5. Hinkle RT, Dolan E, Cody DB, et al. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition reduces skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve. 2005 Dec;32(6):775-781
6. Navegantes LC, Resano NM, Migliorini RH, et al. Catecholamines inhibit Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle through beta(2)-adrenoceptors and cAMP. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;281(3):E449-454
7. Navegantes LC, Migliorini RH, do Carmo Kettelhut I. Adrenergic control of protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 May;5(3):281-286
8. Busquets S, Figueras MT, Fuster G, et al. Anticachectic effects of formoterol: a drug for potential treatment of muscle wasting. Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;64(18):6725-6731
9. Yimlamai T, Dodd SL, Borst SE, et al. Clenbuterol induces muscle-specific attenuation of atrophy through effects on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J Apply Physiol 2005 Jul;99(1):71-80
10. Navegantes LC, Baviera AM, Kettelhut IC. The inhibitor role of sympathetic nervous system in the Ca2+-dependent proteolysis of skeletal muscle. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2009 Jan;42(1):21-28
11. Ohkoshi E, Miyazaki H, Shindo K, et al. Constituents from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera stimulate lipolysis in the white adipose tissue of mice. Planta Med. 2007 Oct;73(12):1255-1259
12. Ono Y, Hattori E, Fukaya Y, et al. Anti-obesity effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jun 30;106(2):238-244
13. Lee H, Kang R, Yoon Y. SH21B, an anti-obesity herbal composition, inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet-induced obese mice through the modulation of the adipogenesis pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 17;127(3):709-717
14. Stehlik J, Moysesian MA. Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3 and 5 as therapeutic agents in heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2006 Jul;15(7):733-742
15. Biolo G, Tipton KD, Klein S, et al. An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E122-129
16. Baron AD, Clark MG. Role of blood flow in the regulation of muscle glucose uptake. Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:487-499
17. Low SY, Rennie MJ, Taylor PM. Modulation of glycogen synthesis in rat skeletal muscle by changes in cell volume. J Physiol. 1996 Sep 1;495 (Pt 2):299-303
18. Stallknecht B, Dela F, Helge JW. Are blood flow and lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue influence by contractions in adjacent muscles in humans? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;292(2):E394-399
19. Kim D, Rybalkin SD, Pi X, et al. Upregulation of phosphodiesterase 1A1 expression is associated with the development of nitrate tolerance. Circulation. 2001 Nov 6;104(19):2338-2343
20. Liu CQ, Leung FP, Lee VW, et al. Prevention of nitroglycerin tolerance in vitro by T0156, a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Aug 20;590(1-3):250-254
21. Tahseldar-Roumieh R, Keravis T, Maarouf S, et al. PDEs 1-5 activity and expression in tissues of cirrhotic rats reveal a role for aortic PDE3 in NO desensitization. Int J Exp Pathol. 2009 Dec;90(6):605-614
22. Zhang H, Pakeerappa P, Lee HJ. Induction of PDE5 and de-sensitization to endogenous NO signaling in a systemic resistance artery under altered blood flow. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009 Jul;47(1):57-65
23. Dishy V, Sofowora G, Harris PA, et al. The effect of sildenafil on nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in healthy men. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Sep;70(3):270-279
24. Kimura M, Higashi Y, Hara K, et al. PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil citrate augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in smokers. Hypertension. 2003 May;41(5):1106-1110
25. Gonzalez-Serratos H, Chang R, Pereira EF, et al. A novel thienylhydrazone, (2-thienylidene)3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazine, increases inotropism and decreases fatigue of skeletal muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):558-566
26. Saitoh Y. Drugs to facilitate recovery of neuromuscular blockade and muscle strength. J Anesth. 2005;19(4):302-308
27. Navegantes LC, Resano NM, Migliorini RH, et al. Catecholamines inhibit Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle through beta(2)-adrenoceptors and cAMP. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;281(3):E449-54
If the color pink makes you uncomfortable (outwardly, of course – we all know you play dress up when no one is looking – not that there’s anything wrong with that) leave now, you simply won’t be able to handle this.
However, if you’re a rationale human being and can “handle” (and maybe even enjoy) swallowing little pink pills that can help you crush workouts & reach your goals, then read away – Pink just may be your new favorite color.
"The Look"
Let's face it, whether you're big, small, ripped, fat, smooth, sliced or somewhere in between, your physique would skyrocket in "stature & respect" if you were able to add dense muscle – cut to smithereens, vascular and as full as a hot air balloon...
...I don't care if you're a buck 30 soaking wet or a solid 3 bills year 'round...
- Nothing takes your physique to the next level like adding dense muscle that's lean and vascular. NOTHING.
This is commonly referred to as "The Look" – lean & vascular, yet dense, full muscle development...
Unfortunately, it's unbelievably difficult to accomplish naturally...
Your Choice - Ripped & Weak or Big & Fat
When you bulk up, you get soft & smooth as a baby's behind...
When you lean out, you're muscles get weak and so flat Aunt Jemima would be proud...
...It always seems as though you're taking two steps forward and one step back...
This is nothing new...Bodybuilders, Fitness Freaks & Everyday Joe's have been dealing with this since the first barbell was invented...
USPlabs Pink Magic™
Instant Underground Legend. Buzz built so fast tabloids are jealous. So Bad Ass We Had To Make It Pink.
USPlabs Pink Magic Breakdown
Pink Magic contains just a few key ingredients done right, not the kitchen-sink approach or sprinkled prairie-dust to try and make the formula look better...USPlabs Pink Magic ingredients:
Nelumbo nucifera (stem and leaves) and Rhamnus nakaharai (stem)
These plants have a wide range of potentially exciting properties...Certain compounds present in these plants have been shown in animal models to inhibit various subtypes of phosphodiesterase, an enzyme (technically, a class of enzymes) which degrades cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophostphae) and cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), cyclic nucleotide molecules which serve important roles in the human body (2).
By inhibiting these different subtypes of phosphodiesterase, cAMP and cGMP levels can be increased in different tissues where various beneficial effects can be seen.
First, by inhibiting the cAMP-phosphodiesterase in skeletal muscle, it is thought that an anti-catabolic effect can be seen by suppressing calcium and ATP-dependent proteolysis, a mechanism that is shared by compounds like clenbuterol (3-10).
By increasing intracellular cAMP in skeletal muscle and the consequential decrease in calcium and ATP-dependent proteolysis, a net positive protein balance may occur in muscle…
This is a rarely-exploited natural anti-catabolic/anabolic pathway...and a VERY exciting one to say the least...and we aren't even close to being done...
Potential Fat Loss Too?
Furthermore, by increasing cAMP in fat cells, lipolysis (fat breakdown) can also increase…
In fact, animal model studies and traditional Asian medicine have noted this exact thing, demonstrating increased lipolysis and anti-obesity properties (11-13).
That's Not All Folks – More MOA's
Amino & Glucose Transport
In addition to these effects, by inhibiting other subtypes of phosphodiesterase a vasodilatory effect can occur, allowing for increased amino acid and glucose transport to skeletal muscle (2,14-17).
Pumped To The Gills While Cutting?
In addition, this vasodilatory effect can potentially lead to greater "pumps" and the feeling of fuller muscles, while also potentially increasing lipolysis (2,18).
Keeps Going Like That Bunny
Unlike various nitric oxide (NO) products which can lose their effectiveness over time, these compounds will not do so.
Synergystic with Nitric Oxide Products?
In fact, these compounds may prevent N.O. products from losing their effectiveness in the first place (19-23).
Additionally, these compounds may even increase or potentiate the effects of nitric oxide products(24).
How so, you ask?
Well, to answer that, we must look at how the beloved nitric oxide (N.O.) molecule allows for vasodilation and the subsequent benefits...
N.O. is involved in the NO/guanylyl (guanylate) cyclase/cyclic GMP-dependent cascade...
In effect, it is thought that the N.O. molecule works by binding to and activating soluble guanylyl (guanylate) cyclase, which in turn catalyzes the formation of cGMP from guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
Once the previously mentioned second messenger, cGMP accumulates intracellularly in the given cell/tissue type (in this case smooth muscle), activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase G or PKG) occurs and eventually leads to vasodilation, in this particular case.
So, again, how might Pink Magic prevent N.O. products from losing their effectiveness and possibly even potentiate their effects?
Well, it appears that one mechanism behind the reduction of N.O.'s effectiveness is an increase in the activity of cGMP-phosphodiesterase, which as we discussed earlier, is responsible for degrading cGMP...
Since the body can't stop you from ingesting compounds designed to increase N.O., it does the next best thing by increasing the expression of enzymes designed to reduce the downstream effectiveness of N.O....
In effect, it decreases levels of cGMP and thus reduces the level of vasodilation and other potential benefits...
However, since Pink Magic contains compounds known to inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase, this can not only work to prevent the decline in effectiveness of N.O. products, it may even potentiate the effects of them through the same mechanism...
You'll have that N.O. product working to increase cGMP levels, while the key ingredients in Pink Magic may prevent the degradation of cGMP!
Yet, unlike most N.O. products, these compounds won't succumb to decreased effectiveness through decreased cGMP levels.
Endurance
If this weren't enough, one may also notice an increase in resistance to fatigue as a result of direct effect upon skeletal muscle (i.e., cAMP accumulation in both type I [slow-twitch] and type II [fast-twitch] can result in a resistance or decrease of fatigue) and the diaphragm; furthermore, by increasing cGMP accumulation in other cell types, one can potentially increase blood flow and the contractility of the heart, also resulting in greater resistance to fatigue (14,25).
In other words, you may be able to bang out more reps!
Strong Like Bull
As if all that wasn't enough, the compounds in the product can also potentially increase strength (26).
By inhibiting one of the phosphodiesterase subtypes, the contractility of skeletal muscles is increased. It is thought that this is accomplished by increasing therelease of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction while also sensitizing itto acetylcholine.
It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's a Test Booster too?
Massularia Acuminata
At this point, it can't get much better, can it? You bet your ass it can...Massularia acuminata is a plant that has long been used in parts of Africa as an aphrodisiac...
Recent evidence suggests that these aphrodisiac properties noted anecdotally in humans, are due to the plant's ability to increase endogenous testosterone levels.
In a study in animal models, an aqueous extract of the plant was shown to increase serum luteinizing hormone and testicular testosterone levels by approximately 66% and 60%, respectively, relative to controls, after 3 weeks of administration in the highest dose group (1).
The increase in testosterone was found to be a dose-dependent effect, increasing significantly with each dose escalation.
In addition, other androgenic markers also indicated that the plant was effective in this regard, including a significant increase in testes-bodyweight ratio.
The authors of the study concluded that the use of the plant as an aphrodisiac is likely tied to its androgenic potential (i.e., ability to increase testosterone levels), based upon these data gathered in an animal model.
All of these effects were demonstrated without any note of adverse effects.
That's right, a potent natural test stimulator as an "added benefit" - wow!
How do ya like them apples? Even if you hate apples, you're lovin' the sound of this...
You Better Bring Your "A" Game
I want to be perfectly clear: Pink Magic isn't for dudes that train biceps 6 times per week and wouldn't know a squat if it dropkicked them across the face...
Will Pink Magic give you a "sick pump bro" if you just blast guns every day? Sure...
...But don't insult it like that. That's not why we released it...
We released it because:
A. It's awesome
B. The feedback by dozens & dozens of testers screaming for more after they ran it.
These were serious lifters who know their bodies & know when something is working...
...Not some clowns with ILS (Imaginary Lat Syndrome in case you were wondering)...
If you're offended by my last sentence, then tough cookies. Go drink some pump juice and carry on with your Ron Burgundy-like concentration curls...
*The Beta-testing group was a group of individuals who were provided with a bottle of Pink Magic (no charge) to provide their detailed experience with the product. They were told to report their results – good, bad or indifferent at USPLabsDirect.com - Powered by vBulletin "Pink Magic Chronicles". They were also instructed not to use any supplements along with Pink Magic besides basic supplements such as multi-vitamins, fish oil, protein, creatine etc. Some users may have used additional supplements. USPlabs had no control over this. This was the largest "real-time" Beta-test in USPlabs history. The excerpts in this letter are from our most successful testers.
References
1. Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT, et al. Androgenic potentials of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata (G. Don) Bullock ex Hoyl. Stem in male Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Aug 13;118(3):508-513
2. Rahimi R, Ghiasi S, Azimi H, et al. A review of the herbal phosphodiesterase inhibitors; future perspective of new drugs. Cytokine. 2010 Feb;49(2):123-129
3. Lira EC, Graca FA, Goncalves DA, et al. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase inhibitors reduce skeletal muscle protein catabolism in septic rats. Shock. 2007 Jun;27(6):687-694
4. Baviera AM, Zanon NM, Carvalho Navegantes LC, et al. Pentoxifylline inhibits Ca2+-dependent and ATP proteasome-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle from acutely diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;292(3):E702-708
5. Hinkle RT, Dolan E, Cody DB, et al. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition reduces skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve. 2005 Dec;32(6):775-781
6. Navegantes LC, Resano NM, Migliorini RH, et al. Catecholamines inhibit Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle through beta(2)-adrenoceptors and cAMP. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;281(3):E449-454
7. Navegantes LC, Migliorini RH, do Carmo Kettelhut I. Adrenergic control of protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 May;5(3):281-286
8. Busquets S, Figueras MT, Fuster G, et al. Anticachectic effects of formoterol: a drug for potential treatment of muscle wasting. Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;64(18):6725-6731
9. Yimlamai T, Dodd SL, Borst SE, et al. Clenbuterol induces muscle-specific attenuation of atrophy through effects on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J Apply Physiol 2005 Jul;99(1):71-80
10. Navegantes LC, Baviera AM, Kettelhut IC. The inhibitor role of sympathetic nervous system in the Ca2+-dependent proteolysis of skeletal muscle. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2009 Jan;42(1):21-28
11. Ohkoshi E, Miyazaki H, Shindo K, et al. Constituents from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera stimulate lipolysis in the white adipose tissue of mice. Planta Med. 2007 Oct;73(12):1255-1259
12. Ono Y, Hattori E, Fukaya Y, et al. Anti-obesity effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jun 30;106(2):238-244
13. Lee H, Kang R, Yoon Y. SH21B, an anti-obesity herbal composition, inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet-induced obese mice through the modulation of the adipogenesis pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 17;127(3):709-717
14. Stehlik J, Moysesian MA. Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3 and 5 as therapeutic agents in heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2006 Jul;15(7):733-742
15. Biolo G, Tipton KD, Klein S, et al. An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E122-129
16. Baron AD, Clark MG. Role of blood flow in the regulation of muscle glucose uptake. Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:487-499
17. Low SY, Rennie MJ, Taylor PM. Modulation of glycogen synthesis in rat skeletal muscle by changes in cell volume. J Physiol. 1996 Sep 1;495 (Pt 2):299-303
18. Stallknecht B, Dela F, Helge JW. Are blood flow and lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue influence by contractions in adjacent muscles in humans? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;292(2):E394-399
19. Kim D, Rybalkin SD, Pi X, et al. Upregulation of phosphodiesterase 1A1 expression is associated with the development of nitrate tolerance. Circulation. 2001 Nov 6;104(19):2338-2343
20. Liu CQ, Leung FP, Lee VW, et al. Prevention of nitroglycerin tolerance in vitro by T0156, a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Aug 20;590(1-3):250-254
21. Tahseldar-Roumieh R, Keravis T, Maarouf S, et al. PDEs 1-5 activity and expression in tissues of cirrhotic rats reveal a role for aortic PDE3 in NO desensitization. Int J Exp Pathol. 2009 Dec;90(6):605-614
22. Zhang H, Pakeerappa P, Lee HJ. Induction of PDE5 and de-sensitization to endogenous NO signaling in a systemic resistance artery under altered blood flow. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009 Jul;47(1):57-65
23. Dishy V, Sofowora G, Harris PA, et al. The effect of sildenafil on nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in healthy men. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Sep;70(3):270-279
24. Kimura M, Higashi Y, Hara K, et al. PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil citrate augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in smokers. Hypertension. 2003 May;41(5):1106-1110
25. Gonzalez-Serratos H, Chang R, Pereira EF, et al. A novel thienylhydrazone, (2-thienylidene)3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazine, increases inotropism and decreases fatigue of skeletal muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):558-566
26. Saitoh Y. Drugs to facilitate recovery of neuromuscular blockade and muscle strength. J Anesth. 2005;19(4):302-308
27. Navegantes LC, Resano NM, Migliorini RH, et al. Catecholamines inhibit Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle through beta(2)-adrenoceptors and cAMP. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;281(3):E449-54