I apologize for not getting to this sooner....but
Carotenoids are biological pigments that are the coloring of living organisms and the necessary molecules needed for important metabolic reactions. They are distributed everywhere in leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots of plants. Carotenoids are also found in many animals, especially in marine invertebrates. They tend to accumulate in brightly colored feathers of tropical birds. All carotenoids that are found in animals are ultimately derived from plants or algae.
Carotenoids are potent antioxidant molecules that protect plants from damage caused by singlet and triplet oxygen which is the by-product of ultra violet rays and photosynthetic metabolism. They are free radical scavengers that prevent harmful uncontrolled oxidation chain reactions.
Carotenoids also protect plants from direct ultra violet damage by absorbing high energy ultra violet photons then dissipating the energy along their hydrocarbon chains. Mutant plants that contain farotenoids soon die due to ultra violet induced damage to the chlorophyll. The beautiful array of orange, green chlorophyll masks the different colors of carotenoids until the winter cold along with free radicals destroy it. Once the leaves are unmasked the various carotenoids colors are revealed. Like wise, in animals, protecting DHA from genetic damage.
Canthaxanthin is one of the two major carotenoids found in nature, the second being Beta Carotene.
The carotenoids consist of two main groups: the carotenes and the xanthophylls. Beta carotene, which nearly everyone is familiar with, is the most common carotene. On the other hand, Canthaxanthin is a xanthophyll. A difference worth noting is that beta carotene converts in the mammalian system to vitamin A. Canthaxanthin, as well as all xanthophylls, do not convert to any extent to vitamin A.
Canthaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid found in many different plants and animals. It is the red coloring of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers, as well as some edible mushrooms. It gives the pink hue of the feathers of brightly colored tropical birds such as flamingos and roseate spoonbills. A few species of pink shellfish and some ocean crustaceans such as the red lobster contain this xanthophyll as does the pink flesh of salmon and the red spots on the skin of trout. Besides being a red pigment, Canthaxanthin functions as an ultra violet photon absorber, a single and triplet oxygen quencher, and a free radical deactivator. The incredible endurance of pink salmon on their long migrations to spawning grounds may possibly be due to the antioxidant qualities of Canthaxanthin saturating their bodies. They swim for thousands of miles in highly ionized oxygenated water (condition which would normally be fatal to a fish) without damage or death.
A major cause of skin cancer is repeated sunburns to the skin. Damage to DNA due to ultra violet radiation, excited forms of oxygen, and free radicals can cause mutations which lead to carcinogenesis. The use of Canthaxanthin may decrease one's chances of getting skin cancer by decreasing the necessary exposure time in sunlight and preventing sunburn damage to the skin.