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its increases pumps but caffine constrics blood vessels
Not necessarily. The Caffeine/Theophylline/Geranium complex in JACKED are effective in the blend. Consider this:
As is well known, arginine is the substrate for two enzymes, arginase and nitric oxide synthase. These enzymes compete against each other for the arginine metabolic pathway. The enzyme arginase converts arginine to ornithine and urea. Nitric oxide synthase converts arginine to nitric oxide, the potent vasodilator. A higher expression of the arginase enzyme leads to higher ornithine production, but less nitric oxide production.
The key to elevated nitric oxide levels is, therefore, either to inhibit arginase, or to directly stimulate nitric oxide synthase. Preferably both!
As it turns out, carnosine is another powerful substrate for nitric-oxide production via promotion of the nitric-oxide synthase pathway and inhibition of arginase activity. By boosting the synthesis of carnosine, beta alanine directly contributes to elevating cellular concentrations of carnosine, leading to even greater activation of the nitric-oxide synthase (and crowding out of arginase), and finally ending in elevated nitric oxide levels, and therefore, significantly higher vasodilation and pump.
So, beta alanine will also contribute to a significant elevation of nitric-oxide levels. Combined with the arginine form in the blend plus the synergy from the other agents, one should expect dramatic vasodilation.
Now to the Caffeine/Theophylline/Geranium complex in the blend:
Caffeine inhibits arginase activity. It does this by inhibiting the so-called adenosine receptors, leading to higher levels of free adenosine. Now, adenosine, adenine, inosine, and uric acid, are known to be competitive arginase inhibitors. (BCAAs also demonstrate arginase-inhibitory effects, by the way). Furthermore, caffeine and caffeine-related compounds, such as theobromine, also produce arginase inhibition by raising norepinephrine and cAMP. Anyway, the caffeine-triggered arginase inhibition produces an elevated expression of the nitric-oxide synthase enzyme. This means even more nitric oxide can be produced from arginine, leading to stronger vasodilation (and pump).
The above is just a reference to the Caffeine/Theophylline/Geranium complex. Add to that the impact of arginine alpha ketoglutarate and nitric-oxide-synthase promoting effects of beta alanine, and it will be easy to see how the entire blend can support vasodilation.
Lastly, a comment about arginine alpha ketoglutarate:
Bonding arginine to alpha ketoglutarate (as in arginine alpha ketoglutarate, AAKG) promotes absorption, stability, and bioavailability of arginine. Furthermore, alpha ketoglutarate has many other properties that esterification may not deliver. In particular, with an alpha-ketoglutarate bond, one would obtain all the endothelial-lining-support and vasoldilation properties of arginine plus a number of other cool benefits of alpha ketoglutarate (AKG), such as more arginine stability, bioavailability and absorption. Furthermore, alpha ketoglutarate will serve as a transport medium for arginine, making it directly available at the cellular levels for optimal synthesis. Beyond this, alpha ketoglutarate improves the endogenous production of of glutamine and glutamic acid, both important for muscle growth and for the immune system. AKG also binds to toxic ammonia in muscle cells, in the liver, and in the brain, thereby converting ammonia into glutamic acid, improving glutamine levels and assisting in elimination of toxic ammonia from the body. Lastly, as a Krebs Cycle intermediate, AKG improves VO2 Max and energy metabolism in muscle cells, and is consequently a potent ergogenic.
In terms of dosing, it may help to recall that plain arginine has the property that it's absorption through the intestines is limited, causing arginine to be rapidly degraded, leaving only small quantities to produce the typical arginine effects. This is why you need to consume relatively more base arginine to see any results. Esterification or bonding with alpha ketoglutarate overcomes the typical arginine limitations, ensuring that arginine absorbs optimally and is available for its ergogenic properties. So, you basically need less of arginine alpha ketoglutarate compared to base arginine to produce better results than base arginine.
All in all, users should notice some cool vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, with JACKED!
