"confused as to what pheromones actually are"
Pheromones are compounds that elicit a specific behavior in a species.
"what do they do"
Sex pheromones in the animal kingdom are chemicals released to let others in the species know that one is fertile. The evidence for the efficacy of sex pheromones is strongest in the simplest animals, e.g. insects, and weaker for those with more complex cognitive processes, e.g. humans. Human sex research, as in research studying sexual behavior is pretty weak, and the scientific community is divided on the matter of pheromones influencing human sexual behavior.
do they attract women????
That said, I can tell you here and now that there are pheromone products that can help your odds with the opposite sex. I have used Chikara with good results. Not tried renegade or "turn up the heat" so I can't comment there.
I would say use pheros as just one part of your dating game. Make sure your posture, clothing, intonation, social circle, and many other things are in good shape first. As far as pheros go, find a product with a scent that you like. Note that some pheros make men come across as more assertive, which can be good for some, while some men need a product that makes them seem more accessible, and the assertive ones just make them seem scary.
As with all good things in life, pheros can be overdone. Think of it like cologne or aftershave... a little can be good. Too much is very definitely bad.
Good luck. Let us know your results.