supplements improving sexual performance that do not effect hormone levels

steve999

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Just wondering if anyone has done research into supplements that supposedly improve sexual performance but that do not effect hormone levels? A little surfing shows the following list:

l-arginine
yohimbe
horny goat weed
cnidium monnier
xanthopamelia scabrosa
gaba
maca

Some of these supposedly improve blood flow and others improve brain chemistry. Any comments or suggestions on sources and recommended dosages?

These typically seem to be combined with supplements that effect hormone levels (i.e., Tongkat Ali), which probably isn't ideal for those of us who are on testosterone cypionate and/or HCG.
 
Gutterpump

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P5P + l-dopa

edit: oops, sorry.. lol. They lower prolactin..but the increase in dopamine will definitely boost your sexual performance. Works, and no real negative sides. Wroks well while on TRT too.
 
The Matrix

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P5P + l-dopa

edit: oops, sorry.. lol. They lower prolactin..but the increase in dopamine will definitely boost your sexual performance. Works, and no real negative sides. Wroks well while on TRT too.
MAca works good 1 tsp BID works wonders for old wanker..
 
Screwtape

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Yohimbine is good. Best to avoid if you have high blood pressure, though.
 

thenxtgrt1

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I actually posted a question similar to this in on another forum a few days ago. I currently have yohimbe and horny goat weed on hand, and will be trying these out in the next few days. There's a supp by the name of Stamina Rx that has many of the ingredients that are listed in the original post. You may also want to check out Gingko Bilboa. It is mentioned in some articles as a boost to libido. This is probably due to it's positive effects on brain chemistry. I've never heard Gaba was good in this regard. I just bought some recently and will check it out.
 

longrob

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P5P + l-dopa

edit: oops, sorry.. lol. They lower prolactin..but the increase in dopamine will definitely boost your sexual performance. Works, and no real negative sides. Wroks well while on TRT too.
Gutterpump,
How many mg of P5P and l-dopa?
Plus, is there a worry about conversion of l-dopa to dopamine in peripheral tissue which may cancel out the cerebral dopamine effect? Wiki says to co-administer l-dopa with a decarboxylase inhibitor. Thanks, just trying to understand....
-Rob
 

steve999

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P5P
Pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, P5P) is a prosthetic group of some enzymes. It is the active form of vitamin B6 which comprises three natural organic compounds, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine.

L-DOPA
L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) is a drug related compound found in some food and made from L-Tyrosine, which is a amino acid naturally occuring in the human body. L-DOPA is converted into dopamine in the brain and body. It is sold as a dietary supplement and as a prescription drug in the US. In clinical use, Levodopa (INN) is administered in the management of Parkinson's disease and dopa-responsive dystonia. It is also used as a component in marine adhesives used by pelagic life.

L-Dopa is used to increase dopamine levels for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia, since it is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, whereas dopamine itself cannot. Once levodopa has entered the central nervous system (CNS), it is metabolized to dopamine by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) is a required cofactor for this decarboxylation, and may be administered along with levodopa, usually as pyridoxine.

Conversion to dopamine also occurs in the peripheral tissues, i.e., outside the brain. This may be the mechanism of the adverse effects of levodopa. It is standard clinical practice to co-administer a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor—carbidopa or benserazide—and often a catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, like entacapone, to prevent synthesis of dopamine in peripheral tissue. Co-administration of pyridoxine without a decarboxylase inhibitor accelerates the extracerebral decarboxylation to such an extent that it cancels out the effects of levodopa administration, a circumstance that historically caused great confusion.

For those taking it as a supplement, EGCG or green tea is a natural decarboxylase inhibitor.[citation needed]

Levodopa, co-administered with a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, has been tested as a possible treatment for restless leg syndrome (RLS) and has shown "no clear picture of reduced symptoms".[1]
 

steve999

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There's a supp by the name of Stamina Rx that has many of the ingredients that are listed in the original post.
I believe Stamina Rx (like many products containing a combination of ingredients) has some elements that effect testosterone or estrogen levels? If so, that tends to complicate things for folks on testosterone replacement or HCG. Ideally, I would like to avoid from supplements that effect testosterone, estrogen, etc. as that could lead to excessive variables at play.
 

steve999

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P5P + l-dopa. They lower prolactin..but the increase in dopamine will definitely boost your sexual performance. Works, and no real negative sides.
My bloodwork indicates very low dopamine levels, so P5P + l-dopa might be particularly suitable for me.

I tried cabergoline for awhile, but didn't notice any improvement. But my testosterone and estrogen levels were wonky at the time too, so hard to say what was going on.

I think I'm fairly close to getting my testosterone and estrogen levels at healthy levels through a combination of testosterone cypionate and HCG. Then the next step is to focus on dopamine and other related factors.
 
Gutterpump

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I take P5P with nutraplanet's green tea extract caps. I don't even take l-dopa anymore.

50mg P5P + 1 cap of their TEAGCG
Twice per day is good. Or once in the morning. I've tried it maybe 1hour - 30min on an empty stomache before sex with good results.

I also take SAMe (800mg pd) to help promote better levels of dopamine as well. Thinking of trying 1200-2000mg for a while to see how it is.
 

cumkwakka

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gutterpump

did p5p help you in lasting longer or going quicker for second round?
does the p5p act like dopamine for you, i.e. more motivation and alpha and what not?

i used an opiate pain killer in the past (only once) and it rocked my lady's world for performance, couldn't finish while i normally go pretty fast

kratom i heard is a herbal opiate

might try it

any other suggestions?

anti histamine works for high histamine people who come quick (loratadine works for me)
 
Gutterpump

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Well I usually have a hard time finishing in general, so it helped me finish when I wanted to finish (faster) and refractory period is shortened as well (second round comes faster).

Sometimes I can keep going without a break as well after I finish...it just stays hard for a long time afterwards, but normally I don't finish twice in a row..

Yeah P5P + EGCG I normally take together just for a nootropic/mood effect along with SAMe.

Also, look into shea butter if you are circumcized. Friction over time can cause some desensitization, shea butter helps remove/prevent kerotization.
 

longrob

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Gutterpump,
Can I get P5P from Nutraplanet? and why did you stop taking the l-dopa?
-Rob
 
Gutterpump

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I didn't personally notice too much from l-dopa. Maybe I should give it another chance. At the time I was only taking it with deprenyl and not with P5P or egcg

Not sure if nutraplanet has P5P
 
Gutterpump

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PEA + deprenyl is another good one for me. PEA to me is better than l-dopa. Honestly I can't think of many herbs or supplements that really work, mostly just certain drugs.
 

steve999

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Yeah P5P + EGCG I normally take together just for a nootropic/mood effect along with SAMe.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as Epigallocatechin 3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid and a type of catechin.

EGCG is the most abundant catechin in most notably tea, among other plants, and is also a potent antioxidant[1] that may have therapeutic properties for many disorders including cancer[2][3]. It is found in green tea but not black tea, as EGCG is converted into thearubigins in black teas.

EGCG can be found in many supplements.

S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM, SAMe, SAM-e)
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM, SAMe, SAM-e) is a coenzyme involved in methyl group transfers. SAM-e was first discovered in Italy by G. L. Cantoni in 1912.[1] It is made from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6). Transmethylation, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation are the metabolic pathways that use SAM. Although these anabolic reactions occur throughout the body, most SAM is produced and consumed in the liver.[1]

The methyl group (CH3) attached to the methionine sulfur atom in SAM is chemically reactive. This allows donation of this group to an acceptor substrate in transmethylation reactions. More than 40 metabolic reactions involve the transfer of a methyl group from SAM to various substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.

In bacteria, SAM is bound by the SAM riboswitch, which regulates genes involved in methionine or cysteine biosynthesis.
 
Gutterpump

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some useful more info

Methionine is a vital amino acid that is broken down in the liver to S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe). It's exact mechanisms are not well known yet but it is thought to increase the sensitivity of various neuro-receptors that bind the transmitters Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Dopamine, or to improve the ability of these transmitters to bind to their receptors. It has been postulated that when SAMe is given as a supplement, it increases the synthesis of Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Dopamine.


Sidenote: SAMe also accumulates in the synopvial fluid that lubricates joints. Certain chemicals that result from the breakdown of SAMe can relieve pain and inflammation which is why SAMe can be used to relieve arthritic pain and inflammation.

Here are some useful links:
http://www.universityhealthindustries.co...
http://www.psycom.net/depression.central...
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/76/5/115...

Here is yet another interesting study on SAMe.
"The administration of a stable salt of SAMe, either orally or
parenterally, has been shown to restore normal hepatic function in the presence of various chronic liver diseases (including alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis, estrogen-induced and other forms of cholestasis), to prevent or reverse hepatotoxicity due to several drugs and chemicals such as alcohol, paracetamol (acetaminophen), steroids and lead, and to have antidepressant properties."
Reference:
Drugs 1989 Sep;38(3):389-416
"S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in liver dysfunction and affective disorders in relation to its physiological role in cell metabolism."
by Friedel HA, Goa KL, Benfield P
ADIS Drug Information Services, Auckland, New Zealand.
 
Gutterpump

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Supplements that may increase dopamine:

•NADH / St. John's wort / tyrosine / phenylalanine / Mucuna pruriens / CDP-choline / theanine

Medications that may increase dopamine:

•deprenyl / Wellbutrin (bupropion) / Uprima (apomorphine) / Mirapex (pramipexole) / Permax (pergolide) / Dostinex (cabergoline) / Requip (ropinirole)

http://qualitycounts.com/fpdopamine.htm
 
Gutterpump

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some more relevant info

Prolactin's close relationship to other hormones and neurotransmitters vital to sex, life, and aging merits review. Although prolactin hypersecretion occurs infrequently, its recognition provides an opportunity to treat a fundamental cause of sexual problems.

What is interesting about prolactin (PRL)? Most urologists know it only as a bit player in the androgen and erectile dysfunction (ED) arena. It is considered problematic (should the PRL levels be routinely measured in men with ED?) and is usually associated with alterations in desire or libido (although this is more legend than fact). We are inclined to forget that PRL plays similar but mirror image roles in female reproductive medicine, with the addition of eponymous roles in lactation.

There are interesting things about this ancient peptide hormone, however, including its position as an integral player in anterior pituitary hormonal politics. The anterior pituitary and its connection with the hypothalamus regulate the hormonal heart of man and are responsible for many vital ingredients of sexuality and aging, which is reason enough to revisit the subject along a single strand - prolactin. As we learn more about the processes dependent on this neuroendocrine region, we will certainly hear more about PRL.

Prolactin physiology
There are 6 anterior pituitary hormones: PRL, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). PRL is the only one under inhibitory control from the hypothalamus via the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system. Dopamine (DA) has been shown to be the hypophysiotropic hormone responsible for the inhibition of prolactin. 1 All 6 hypophysiotropic hormones (including DA) act through typical transmembrane coupled receptors, have neurotransmitter functions elsewhere in the brain, and can be found in the gastrointestinal tract.

PRL is similar in structure to GH and has a comparable half-life (about 20 minutes). It contains 199 amino acid residues and 3 disulfide bridges. The PRL receptor is similar to those for GH, many cytokines, and hematopoietic growth factors.

PRL secretion is tonically inhibited by DA from the hypothalamus in competition with PRL release promoted by recently identified prolactin-releasing peptide. 2This peptide also acts to inhibit GH secretion from the anterior pituitary by increasing the secretion of somatostatin into the portal vessels, thus setting up a basis for hormonal cross-talk between these 2 important age-related hormones. 3 Prolactin-releasing peptide has activity outside PRL control, and has been shown to increase REM sleep in a rodent model. 4In women , melatonin plays an important role in the presence of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). 5 PRL has several clinical effects in addition to the commonly known sexual implications (Table 1). 6

TABLE 1
Clinical effects of prolactin in humans
• Lactation

• Decreased pulsatile gonadotropin secretion

Hypogonadism
Decreased sperm count and motility
Erectile dysfunction
Decreased libido
• Immunomodulation

Note: While osmoregulation has been reported in animals, it is not definitely seen in humans. 6

As in hypothalamic-controlled processes, many factors affect PRL secretion. Serum PRL rises during the onset of sleep and remains elevated during sleep. Drugs that increase or decrease DA formation impact PRL levels because of the dominant inhibitory control that DA exerts on PRL secretion, forming the basis for management of PRL-related clinical disease. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and TSH stimulate the release of PRL, as do other less important polypeptides. PRL also affects its own secretion by facilitating DA secretion in the median eminence - creating a negative feedback loop through the hypothalamus.

Sex and prolactin
The association of HPRL with hypogonadism and desire disorders seems to be the stuff of urologic legend. Modern studies, however, are beginning to shed some light on how HPRL causes hypotestosteronemia and affects libido, desire, and erectile function.

How does HPRL cause hypogonadism? A recent animal study suggests that decreases in testosterone secretion can be attributed to changes in Leydig cell sensitivity to LH stimulation during chronic PRL elevation. 7 Other interstitial cells play a role in the modulation of steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. A clear association between HPRL and low levels of testosterone can be seen during the treatment of HPRL. A clear basis for a biological link, however, has not yet been established.

What happens to erectile function in patients with HPRL? Is the change in testosterone level enough to account for any decrease in erectile function? Apart from changes in testosterone level and erectile function, does PRL have a specific effect on sexual desire? A recent study has documented a central nervous system (CNS) effect of HPRL on erectile function that impairs penile responses independent of serum testosterone level. 8 Treatment of HPRL-associated hypogonadism by replacement of testosterone did not seem to affect the impaired penile reflexes as documented by study of centrally mediated penile reflexes. In terms of the changes in penile function, lowered serum testosterone is a secondary phenomenon. This may be consistent with the recent report suggesting that severe ED may be a better clinical marker for HPRL than hypotestosteronemia or desire changes. 9

What links PRL and desire? The most recent information on PRL and desire suggests that PRL may represent a peripheral regulatory factor for reproductive function, and/or a feedback mechanism that signals CNS centers controlling sexual arousal and behavior. The extensive role of DA in regulating several aspects of sexual function in the hypothalamus and the intimate relationship between DA and PRL make this type of role for PRL quite plausible. Plasma PRL concentrations are substantially increased in both men and women for over 1 hour following orgasm induced by coitus or masturbation. Plasma PRL, however, is unchanged following sexual arousal without orgasm. Hence, some clinicians suggest that PRL plays a role in the neuroendocrine reproductive reflex. 10,11

Sexual behavior is substantially involved with increased midbrain DA release and activity and prolactin levels may remain depressed due to the prolactin-inhibitory hormone properties of DA. Orgasm may induce changes in the hypothalamus that overwhelm PRL inhibition, causing an increase in serum PRL. It is interesting to speculate on the phylogenetic advantage of shutting down sexual activity centrally, specifically in response to orgasm. That PRL should be the orgasm-related systemic signal to shut down sexual function allows possible insight into the postorgasmic refractory interval in men but falls short of explaining why this phenomenon is not seen in multiorgasmic women. It has been suggested that this same PRL control of sexuality (high DA/low PRL/high sexual activity) may contribute to the hypersexuality of some treated Parkinsonian patients. 12

Prolactin measurement
For most urologists, a serum prolactin value arrives in response to an order for a laboratory test, and as such, has the aura of a secure biochemical truth. But, like the shifting importance of various testosterone measurements, PRL determination is colored by the fact that some patients with HPRL, in fact, have a significant proportion of macroprolactin (MPRL). MPRL is usually a complex of normal PRL with anti-PRL autoantibody and has little clinical relevance. 12 The high molecular weight forms termed "big-big" (150 kDa) and "big" (50 to 60 kDa) PRL are less active in vivo and/or are transported less easily across the capillary bed than the normal 22 kDa PRL molecules, and do not appear to contribute to ED. 14-17

In the conventional immunoassays in widespread use, MPRL may account for 10% of HPRL cases. 18 Newer assays, however, measure the level of biologically active PRL alone, eliminating the vast majority of spurious high values. Urologists undertaking PRL testing should check with their laboratory to ensure that PRL determination is optimal.

Clinical HPRL and its treatment
HPRL is caused by or associated with a number of conditions, the most important being prolactinoma (Table 2). As mentioned previously, HPRL may be due to MPRL in an assay. Various medications, including antipsychotics, have been known to elevate PRL levels. 19 Elevations may also be seen in patients with colorectal cancer. 20 Prolactinomas are benign, functioning pituitary tumors that can cause reproductive dysfunction in men and women. PRL-secreting microadenomas have a benign clinical course and may even disappear without treatment. The finding of HPRL should be evaluated in clinical context.

TABLE 2
Causes of hyperprolactinemia
• Spurious (macroprolactinemia)

• Central nervous system

Pituitary tumors
(PRL, GH, ACTH, nonsecreting)
Stalk effect
Hypothalamic tumors
Granulomatous disease
Pinealoma
Aneurysm
Meningioma
• Medications

Histamine blockers
Metoclopramide
Neuroleptic agents
Estrogen
Amitriptyline
• Primary hypothyroidism

• Chronic renal failure

• Chest trauma

• Stress

• Other

Signs and symptoms. In men, symptoms of HPRL include decreased libido, ED, headache, visual impairment, galactorrhea, and symptoms of general hypopituitarism (low levels of thyroid or adrenal hormones). Presenting complaints of sexual dysfunction (ED, loss of desire) seen by urologists may be the result of HPRL alone or secondary hypogonadism (low testosterone levels). Possible physical signs include visual field defects, gynecomastia, galactorrhea (rare), and less specifically, loss of musculature, loss of body hair, or signs of hypopituitarism.

Appropriate testing. Biochemical tests may show elevated PRL, low testosterone, low FSH and low LH levels. High PRL values should be confirmed and the MPRL effect eliminated through use of the newer assays. In cases where the pituitary adenoma presents late, it is possible to document abnormal visual fields. MRI (Figures 1 through 3) and CT show even small pituitary tumors with good sensitivity. Pituitary imaging with dynamic MRI techniques improves the likelihood of finding pituitary microadenomas. 21

Treatment.The absolute indications for treatment of HPRL include the desire to restore fertility and the presence of a microadenoma. The first line of therapy for microprolactinomas is medical. 22 Regardless of tumor size, a DA agonist is the treatment of choice. In most cases, the correct dose will normalize PRL levels and normalize symptoms. Treatment is usually continuous and life-long. The remission rate for microprolactinomas in patients with initial prolactin levels below 200 ng/mL is around 82%.

Bromocriptine mesylate is the established agent for the medical management of HPRL and microadenoma. Treatment is initiated at 2.5 mg a day, with dosage increases every 3 to 7 days until the clinical benefit plateaus and the serum PRL normalizes. The typical longer-term dosage is 5 to 7.5 mg a day, but ranges from 2.5 to 15 mg a day.

Cabergoline (Dostinex, Pharmacia & Upjohn), a newer dopaminergic agent, may also be considered for therapy. While it has been shown to normalize PRL levels more quickly than bromocriptine, 23 resistance may be seen. 24 Treatment with cabergoline is initiated at a dosage of 0.25 mg twice a week. The dosage may be increased every 4 weeks, as needed to normalize serum PRL levels, to a usual maximum of 1 mg twice a week. HPRL may also be treated with pergolide mesylate (Permax, Amarin) 25 and quinagolide (Europe and Canada only). 26

Surgical treatment is primarily reserved for patients who cannot tolerate medical treatment or whose tumors are unresponsive to DA agonists. The remission rate for surgically treated prolactinomas varies from 54% to 86% in large series. 27

Prolactin and ED
Because HPRL is an uncommon cause of ED (seen in <2.1% of ED patients), 28 the need for routine prolactin measurement has justifiably been questioned. 29,30 The increased availability of effective ED treatments that do not address the underlying disease presents a challenge in the accurate diagnosis of ED, 31 and there is good evidence that ED treatment may be successful despite potentially significant HPRL. 32 A routine PRL measurement is relatively inexpensive and its cost may be justified by the potential for early detection of a potentially serious and treatable disease. A low (<10) erectile function domain score on the International Index of Erectile Function 33 may help identify appropriate patients for PRL testing. 9

Conclusions
Prolactin is an important sex hormone with potentially far-reaching daily consequences. It has a fundamental role in sexual activity, and may be the first candidate for a circulating molecule with the capacity to regulate sexual feelings and preparedness. While hypersecretion of PRL occurs infrequently in urologic practice, its recognition provides an opportunity to treat a fundamental cause of sexual problems.

REFERENCES
1. Ben-Jonathan N, Hnasko R. Dopamine as a prolactin (PRL) inhibitor. Endocr Rev. 2001;22(6): 724-763.

2. Hinuma S, Habata Y, Fujii R, et al. A prolactin-releasing peptide in the brain. Nature. 1998; 21;393(6682):272-276.

3. Iijima N, Matsumoto Y, Yano T, et al. A novel function of prolactin-releasing peptide in the control of growth hormone via secretion of somatostatin from the hypothalamus. Endocrinology. 2001;142(7):3239-3243.

4. Zhang SQ, Kimura M, Inoue S. Effects of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) on sleep regulation in rats. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;54(3): 262-264.

5. Blaicher W, Imhof MH, Gruber DM, et al. Endocrinological disorders. Focusing on melatonin's interactions. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1999;48(3): 179-182.

6. Soupart A, Buisson L, Prospert F, et al. Indirect evidence to suggest that prolactin induces salt retention in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1994;21(3):347-352.

7. Huang WJ, Yeh JY, Kan SF, et al. Effects of hyperprolactinemia on testosterone production in rat Leydig cells. J Cell Biochem. 2001;80(3):313-320.

8. Rehman J, Christ G, Alyskewycz M, et al. Experimental hyperprolactinemia in a rat model: alteration in centrally mediated neuroerectile mechanisms. Int J Impot Res. 2000;12(1):23-32.

9. Johri AM, Heaton JP, Morales A. Severe erectile dysfunction is a marker for hyperprolactinemia. Int J Impot Res. 2001;13(3):176-182.

10. Kruger TH, Haake P, Hartmann U, et al. Orgasm-induced prolactin secretion: feedback control of sexual drive? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26(1):31-44.

11. Exton MS, Kruger TH, Bursch N, et al. Endocrine response to masturbation-induced orgasm in healthy men following a 3-week sexual abstinence. World J Urol. 2001;19(5):377-382.

12. Uitti RJ, Tanner CM, Rajput AH, et al. Hypersexuality with antiparkinsonian therapy. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1989;12(5):375-383.

13. Sanchez-Eixeres MR, Mauri M, Alfayate R, et al. Prevalence of macroprolactin detected by Elecsys 2010. Horm Res. 2001;56(3-4):87-92.

14. Leite V, Cosby H, Sobrinho LG, et al. Characterization of big, big prolactin in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Clin Endocrinol. 1992;37:365-372.

15. Guay AT, Sabharwal P, Varma S, et al. Delayed diagnosis of psychological erectile dysfunction because of the presence of macroprolactinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:2512-2514.

16. Tritos NA, Guay AT, Malarkey WB. Asymptomatic 'big' hyperprolactinemia in two men with pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;138:82-85.

17. Mounier C, Trouillas J, Claustrat B, et al. Macroprolactinemia associated with prolactin adenoma. Hum Reprod. 1998;138:82-85.

18. Vallette-Kasic S, Morange-Ramos I, Selim A, et al. Macroprolactinemia revisited: a study on 106 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(2): 581-588.

19. Turrone P, Kapur S, Seeman MV, et al. Elevation of prolactin levels by atypical antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(1):133-135.

20. Bhatavdekar JM, Patel DD, Chikhlikar PR, et al. Ectopic production of prolactin by colorectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44(1):119-127.

21. Rand T, Lippitz P, Kink E, et al. Evaluation of pituitary microadenomas with dynamic MR imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2002;41(2):131-135.

22. Acquati S, Pizzocaro A, Tomei G, et al. A comparative evaluation of effectiveness of medical and surgical therapy in patients with macroprolactinoma. J Neurosurg Sci. 2001;45(2):65-69.

23. Cannavo S, Curto L, Squadrito S, et al. Cabergoline: a first-choice treatment in patients with previously untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22(5):354-359.

24. Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Cappabianca P, et al. Resistance to cabergoline as compared with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia: prevalence, clinical definition, and therapeutic strategy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(11):5256-5261.

25. Orrego JJ, Chandler WF, Barkan AL. Pergolide as primary therapy for macroprolactinomas. Pituitary. 2000;3(4):251-256.

26. Schultz PN, Ginsberg L, McCutcheon IE, et al. Quinagolide in the management of prolactinoma. Pituitary. 2000;3(4):239-249.

27. Nomikos P, Buchfelder M, Fahlbusch R. Current management of prolactinomas. J Neurooncol. 2001;54(2):139-150.

28. Johnson AR, Jarow JP. Is routine endocrine testing of impotent men necessary? J Urol. 1992; 147:1542-1544.

29. Akpunonu BE, Mutgi AB, Federman DJ, et al. Routine prolactin measurement is not necessary in the initial evaluation of male impotence. J Gen Intern Med. 1994;9:336-338.

30. Buvat J, Lemaire A. Endocrine screening in 1,022 men with erectile dysfunction: clinical significance and cost-effective strategy. J Urol. 1997;158:1764-1767.

31. Seftel AD. Editorial: Erectile dysfunction - The paradigm changes but the challenges remain. J Urol. 1997;156:1768-1769.

32. Garg RK, Khaishgi A, Dandona P. Is management with sildenafil changing clinical practice? Lancet. 1999;353:375-376.

33. Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, et al. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49:822-830.
Dr. Heaton is Professor, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Jeremy Heaton. Prolactin: An integral player in hormonal politics. Contemporary Urology June 2003;15:17-25.

Copyright © 2003 and published by Advanstar/Medical Economics Healthcare Communications at Montvale, NJ 07645-1742. All rights reserved.
 
PowerHouse555

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BELOW IS ONE OF MY REPLYS FROM ANOTHER POST.. and as stated above you could add horny goat weed, cnidium monnier, and avena sativa

ZMA, Tribulus, Ashwagandha, Folic Acid, Low dose of Novedex-XT, Grape seed extract, Oxydrene, AE2, Eurycoma, saw palmetto....then watch out

Here is a great meal for load increasement I have done to increase my count after a cycle.
-two packets of instant oatmeal
-one or two tablespoons of bee pollen granules
-one or two tablespoon of wheat germ
-two tablets of royal jelly, bee pollen propolis, korean ginseng (triple bee complex)

Eat Clean!

yes maca is good to ProSource HGH Dopa Tech is A+
 

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