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"SUMMARY: Mechanical work is greater in the conventional deadlift, which suggest a higher energy expenditure. Moderate to high hip extensor, knee extensor, and ankle dorsiflexor moments are generated during the sumo deadlift, which implies moderate to high muscle activity is needed from the hip extensors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsi flexors. In contrast, moderate to high hip extensor moments and low knee flexor, knee extensor, and ankle plantar flexor moments are generated during the conventional deadlift. This implies moderate to high muscle activity from the hip extensors, and lower activity from the knee flexors & extensors and ankle plantar flexors. These kinetic differences result from technique differences. Hence, a electromyographic analysis should now be conducted to confirm muscle activity patterns. This would help trainers and therapists in prescribing the appropriate deadlift technique."
[and now for an EMG study...]
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"RESULTS: Overall EMG activity from the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior were significantly greater in the sumo deadlift, whereas overall EMG activity from the medial gastrocnemius was significantly greater in the conventional deadlift. Compared with the no-belt condition, the belt condition produced significantly greater rectus abdominis activity and significantly less external oblique activity. For most muscles, EMG activity was significantly greater in the knee extending intervals compared with the corresponding knee flexing intervals."