Simply stated, yes you can consume too much. Post exercise (resistance specifically) the Akt-mTOR pathway, stress signals, and possibly leucin signalling (if present) are fully maximized for global muscle protein synthesis. Afterwards, it seems dependent on amino acid uptake (relative to consumption) to fully activate those pathways which are saturated at ~20g intact protein and any further consumption is irreversibly oxidized (albumin exception). Fatty acid cycling is continuously occurring.
As Rosie stated, any additional calories (in excess of expended) can be stored as fat.