Not necessary IMO, not with the addition of BPE/piperine in Heat, Dsade is one crafty fella that way :usa2:
And cut and paste :
Researchers out of Germany were actually the first to clinically demonstrate piperine’s drug metabolism effects in a study titled ”Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4”. Their summary concluded, “…we showed that piperine inhibits both the drug transporter P-glycoprotein and the major drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. Because both proteins are expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes and contribute to a major extent to first-pass elimination of many drugs, our data indicate that dietary piperine could affect plasma concentrations of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrates in humans, in particular if these drugs are administered orally” (38). P-glycoprotein or PGPs, can be thought of as first-pass eliminators, meaning they can block absorption of certain compounds in the gut, acting as goalies for the later actions by enzymes in the liver. Piperine blocks PGPs as well as key liver enzymes, leading to elevated concentrations of active ingested compounds in the bloodstream, i.e., other ingredients in H.E.A.T. STACK.