Norepinephrine mediated lipolysis

JudoJosh

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Norepinephrine mediated lipolysis

Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that also acts as a hormone. NE is produced from dopamine via dopamine beta-hydroxylase. It is released from the adrenal gland into the blood where it seeks out adrenergic receptors. On fat cells there are two known types of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta. When NE binds to a receptor on a fat cell, lipolysis begins.


Steps of lipolysis (breakdown of fat)
• The neurotransmitter NE binds to a adrenergic receptors (AR) that exist in the plasma membrane of fat cells.
• The binding of NE to AR on fat cells triggers a G-protein release.
• The G protein travels in the cytoplasm to the enzyme adenylate cyclase.
• Adenylate cyclase recruits ATP from within the cell and creates a secondary messenger protein, cyclic adenylate cyclase (cAMP)
• cAMP activates a cytoplasmic enzyme called Protein Kinase A (PKA)
• Now activated PKA goes on to activate Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL)
• HSL breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids.
• The now freed fatty acids can be oxidized for ATP (burned for energy)


From above we see how NE starts the fat burning process by freeing fatty acids so they can be oxidized. This is the first step in fat loss. However, there are a few different extracellular and intracellular mechanisms that negatively affect this. Outside the cell at the nerve endings the release of NE is inhibited by prostaglandins and adenosine. Inside the cell an enzyme called phosphodiesterase which degrades cAMP. Supplementation with caffeine helps this since it antagonizes both adenosine and phosphodiesterase allowing for NE to do its thing
 
Driven2lift

Driven2lift

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Good thread and info here
 

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