Regarding Myostatin
Lack of myostatin results in excessive muscle growth but impaired force generation
ABSTRACT
"The lack of myostatin promotes growth of skeletal muscle, and blockade of its activity has been proposed as a treatment for various muscle-wasting disorders. Here, we have examined two independent mouse lines that harbor mutations in the myostatin gene, constitutive null (Mstn−/−) and compact (Berlin High Line, BEHc/c). We report that, despite a larger muscle mass relative to age-matched wild types, there was no increase in maximum tetanic force generation, but that when expressed as a function of muscle size (specific force), muscles of myostatin-deficient mice were weaker than wild-type muscles. In addition, Mstn−/− muscle contracted and relaxed faster during a single twitch and had a marked increase in the number of type IIb fibers relative to wild-type controls. This change was also accompanied by a significant increase in type IIB fibers containing tubular aggregates. Moreover, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA and mitochondria number were decreased in myostatin-deficient muscle, suggesting a mitochondrial depletion. Overall, our results suggest that lack of myostatin compromises force production in association with loss of oxidative characteristics of skeletal muscle."
Does dark chocolate’s epicatechin content promote muscle growth?
"The 75 mg used in the study can be supplemented through dark chocolate consumption. Eating 50g of pure dark chocolate containing at least 50% cocoa a day will provide a similar amount of (-)-epicatechin as the dose used in the study. The higher the cocoa content in the chocolate, the less you need to eat. For example, if you eat dark chocolate containing 85% cocoa, you’d only need to eat 30 g for an equivalent dose."
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I'm skeptical as to the value of -(-epi) and any other proposed Myostatin inhibitor, or Follistatin aggregator. Then there is YK-11 which is called a SARM yet has the backbone of a steroid. It allegedly has the ability to inhibit Myostatin by increasing Follistatin. Of course you have the other connotations of it being a research chemical that go along with it.
Will science provide the solution to the never ending desire to grow muscles; lose fat, and obtain the dream body all honest people with themselves and others hope for? I'm sure the promise will ever be present, but as of yet, science has yet to produce the end all be all non-negative product to supplement muscle growth. The fountain of youth remains at a distant horizon, only showing temporary flashes of light prior to setting on another day dashing the hopes and dreams on the shores of us all.