The Massive Glucosamine and Chondroitin Scam
Glucosamine and chondroitin act as precursors to the formation of connective tissue. Most research on glucosamine focuses on the knee joint; often these studies are conducted in individuals over the age of 65, with a very specific disorder, osteoarthritis of the knee joint. This is hardly relevant to actively training individuals like yourselves, and in cases more relevant to us (like back pain, shoulder pain, etc.), glucosamine does absolutely nothing (1). In fact, chondroitin itself possesses under 30% bioavailability (2). A large meta-analysis of chondroitin use found that its effects were virtually non-existent (3).
In addition, a 24 month, double-blind study conducted in humans showed that a combination of glucosamine and chondroitin did not have a significant effect in treating knee osteoarthritis. The biggest strength of this study was that it had an extremely large sample size (n=662), in adittion to also using a large dose of both ingredients in the treatment group (4).
Another study with a sample size of 1500+ people found that over the course of 24 weeks, solo supplementation with glucosamine, chondroitin, and the combination of the two had no significant effect on treating pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (5).
So even after all this, why are supplement companies still using Glucosamine and Chondroitin? Monkey-see, monkey-do I guess.
References
1. Wilkens, Philip, Inger B. Scheel, Oliver Grundnes, Christian Hellum, and Kjersti Storheim. "Effect of Glucosamine on Pain-Related Disability in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Degenerative Lumbar Osteoarthritis." Jama 304.1 (2010): 45. Web.
2. Conte A, Volpi N, Palmieri L, Bahous I, Ronca G. (1995). Biochemical and pharmacokinetic aspects of oral treatment with chondroitin sulfate" Arzneimittelforschung. 45:918-25.
3. Reichenbach, S., Sterchi, R., Scherer, M., et al. (2007). Meta-analysis: chondroitin for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Ann Intern Med. 146(8):580-90.
4. Sawitzke, A., Shi, Helen., Finco, M., et al. (2010). Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis. 69:1459-1464.
5. Clegg, D. O., Reda, D. J., Harris, C. L., Klein, M. A., OʼDell, J. R., Hooper, M. M., Bradley, J. D., et al. (2006). Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. The New England journal of medicine, 354(8), 795-808.
Glucosamine and chondroitin act as precursors to the formation of connective tissue. Most research on glucosamine focuses on the knee joint; often these studies are conducted in individuals over the age of 65, with a very specific disorder, osteoarthritis of the knee joint. This is hardly relevant to actively training individuals like yourselves, and in cases more relevant to us (like back pain, shoulder pain, etc.), glucosamine does absolutely nothing (1). In fact, chondroitin itself possesses under 30% bioavailability (2). A large meta-analysis of chondroitin use found that its effects were virtually non-existent (3).
In addition, a 24 month, double-blind study conducted in humans showed that a combination of glucosamine and chondroitin did not have a significant effect in treating knee osteoarthritis. The biggest strength of this study was that it had an extremely large sample size (n=662), in adittion to also using a large dose of both ingredients in the treatment group (4).
Another study with a sample size of 1500+ people found that over the course of 24 weeks, solo supplementation with glucosamine, chondroitin, and the combination of the two had no significant effect on treating pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (5).
So even after all this, why are supplement companies still using Glucosamine and Chondroitin? Monkey-see, monkey-do I guess.
References
1. Wilkens, Philip, Inger B. Scheel, Oliver Grundnes, Christian Hellum, and Kjersti Storheim. "Effect of Glucosamine on Pain-Related Disability in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Degenerative Lumbar Osteoarthritis." Jama 304.1 (2010): 45. Web.
2. Conte A, Volpi N, Palmieri L, Bahous I, Ronca G. (1995). Biochemical and pharmacokinetic aspects of oral treatment with chondroitin sulfate" Arzneimittelforschung. 45:918-25.
3. Reichenbach, S., Sterchi, R., Scherer, M., et al. (2007). Meta-analysis: chondroitin for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Ann Intern Med. 146(8):580-90.
4. Sawitzke, A., Shi, Helen., Finco, M., et al. (2010). Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis. 69:1459-1464.
5. Clegg, D. O., Reda, D. J., Harris, C. L., Klein, M. A., OʼDell, J. R., Hooper, M. M., Bradley, J. D., et al. (2006). Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. The New England journal of medicine, 354(8), 795-808.