heavyweight83
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I did a bit of research on erase pro new ingredients and came across two pubmed studies that caught my attention.
Now i must say i usually have no clue what these studies are about but a few bits stood out and now if someone with more knowledge could help me wether this applies to humans or not it would be great.
Oxidative stress and genotoxic responses to resin acids in Mediterranean mussels.
AuthorsGravato C, et al. Show all Journal
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005 Jun;61(2):221-9.
Affiliation
Abstract
This study represents the first attempt to investigate the genotoxic effects and oxidative stress of resin acids in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk). Mussels were exposed to 2.7 microM abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) for 6, 12, 18, and 24h. Gill and hepatopancreas conjugation activity, antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage were determined as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, LPO, and DNA strand breaks. AA caused significant GST inhibition in mussel gills at 12, 18, and 24h. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, GPx and CAT, was inhibited at 24 and 18 h, respectively, in mussel gills. A significant increase in gill LPO was observed at 24h. The DNA integrity of mussel hepatopancreas significantly decreased after 12 and 24 h exposure to AA. A significant increase in LPO was observed after 6h exposure to DHAA, in either mussel gills or hepatopancreas. DNA integrity was significantly decreased in mussel hepatopancreas after 12 and 24 h exposure to DHAA. AA induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in mussels, because it promoted increases in LPO in gills and DNA strand breaks in hepatopancreas. DHAA promoted oxidative damage and genotoxicity in mussels, as significant increases were observed in LPO in gills and hepatopancreas and in DNA strand breaks in hepatopancreas.
And second one
Cell transformation activities of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid: safety assessment of possible contaminants in paper and paperboard for food contact use.
AuthorsOhmori K, et al. Show all Journal
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009 Apr;26(4):568-73. doi: 10.1080/02652030802471221.
Affiliation
Abstract
Abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHA) have been detected in virgin paper products and recycled paper products used for food packaging. In order to evaluate the cell transformation activities of AA and DHA, the Bhas 42 cell-transformation assay for initiation and promotion was carried out. Tested in the initiation stage, AA and DHA did not significantly increase transformation frequencies. On the other hand, both chemicals induced transformed foci dose dependently at the promotion stage. The highest transformed foci density induced by AA was about 13 foci/well at 60 nmol ml(-1), and that of DHA was about 16 foci/well at 40 nmol ml(-1) (solvent control = 2.3 +/- 1.4 foci/well). The present results suggest that AA and DHA may have tumour-promoting potential.
Now i must say i usually have no clue what these studies are about but a few bits stood out and now if someone with more knowledge could help me wether this applies to humans or not it would be great.
Oxidative stress and genotoxic responses to resin acids in Mediterranean mussels.
AuthorsGravato C, et al. Show all Journal
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005 Jun;61(2):221-9.
Affiliation
Abstract
This study represents the first attempt to investigate the genotoxic effects and oxidative stress of resin acids in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk). Mussels were exposed to 2.7 microM abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) for 6, 12, 18, and 24h. Gill and hepatopancreas conjugation activity, antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage were determined as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, LPO, and DNA strand breaks. AA caused significant GST inhibition in mussel gills at 12, 18, and 24h. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, GPx and CAT, was inhibited at 24 and 18 h, respectively, in mussel gills. A significant increase in gill LPO was observed at 24h. The DNA integrity of mussel hepatopancreas significantly decreased after 12 and 24 h exposure to AA. A significant increase in LPO was observed after 6h exposure to DHAA, in either mussel gills or hepatopancreas. DNA integrity was significantly decreased in mussel hepatopancreas after 12 and 24 h exposure to DHAA. AA induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in mussels, because it promoted increases in LPO in gills and DNA strand breaks in hepatopancreas. DHAA promoted oxidative damage and genotoxicity in mussels, as significant increases were observed in LPO in gills and hepatopancreas and in DNA strand breaks in hepatopancreas.
And second one
Cell transformation activities of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid: safety assessment of possible contaminants in paper and paperboard for food contact use.
AuthorsOhmori K, et al. Show all Journal
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009 Apr;26(4):568-73. doi: 10.1080/02652030802471221.
Affiliation
Abstract
Abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHA) have been detected in virgin paper products and recycled paper products used for food packaging. In order to evaluate the cell transformation activities of AA and DHA, the Bhas 42 cell-transformation assay for initiation and promotion was carried out. Tested in the initiation stage, AA and DHA did not significantly increase transformation frequencies. On the other hand, both chemicals induced transformed foci dose dependently at the promotion stage. The highest transformed foci density induced by AA was about 13 foci/well at 60 nmol ml(-1), and that of DHA was about 16 foci/well at 40 nmol ml(-1) (solvent control = 2.3 +/- 1.4 foci/well). The present results suggest that AA and DHA may have tumour-promoting potential.
