Paradoxical yohimbe: Spirit of Africa-Fear extinction

juliustroctus

juliustroctus

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Yohimbe is the Africa spirit living in a herb, from the root yohimbine is found

Pradoxicaly: it is anxiogenic, increase anxiety but in the long term is demostrated (below articles) it is the right hand of FEAR EXTINCTION...you'll fight you'll deal with your fears as the spirit of Africa.., plus it cure all side effects of SSRIS, and any sexual side effects .CONNTRARY to benzos (xanax, ..)which is anxiolityc , anxiety momentary dissapears but what it does is FEAR INCUBATION as bacteria as a virus, bigger and bigger leading to higher addictions and more bussiness for the pharmaceutics.

My warning: YOhimbe is so so powerful that you'll need very little doses, if you over do you'll know who lives in that herb and every molecule of your body will be overexcited

YOHIMBINE USES:


SSRI side-effects
MAOI and SSRI are normally never mixed as a rule of thumb. However, yohimbine, with its weak MAOI activity, has safely been used to treat sexual side-effects caused by some SSRI antidepressants (see below for more information about sexual dysfunction).[medical citation needed] Also, 14 mg yohimbine increases salivation, so yohimbine could have a potential interest in the treatment of dry mouths,[8] another common side-effect caused by SSRIs. In fact, doctors believe that heartburn, another common SSRI side-effect, is caused by dry mouth because it reduces the amount of saliva running down the esophagus (saliva is known to neutralize excess acid in the stomach).[9]

Sexual dysfunction
Main article: Sexual dysfunction
The NIH states that yohimbine hydrochloride is the standardized form of yohimbine that is available as a prescription medicine in the United States, and that it has been shown in human studies to be effective in the treatment of male impotence.[10] Yohimbine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of orgasmic dysfunction in men.[11] Yohimbine has also been used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder (reduced libido) in women[medical citation needed].

Large doses of yohimbe have caused priapism.[12] However, controlled studies suggest that it is not always an effective treatment for impotence, and evidence of increased sex drive (libido) is anecdotal only.[13]

It cannot be excluded that orally administered yohimbine can have a beneficial effect in some patients with ED. The conflicting results available may be attributed to differences in drug design, patient selection, and definitions of positive response. Generally, however, available results of treatment are not impressive.[14]

Yohimbine blocks the pre- and post-synaptic ?2 receptors. Blockade of post-synaptic ?2 receptors causes minor corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation. In fact, the majority of adrenoceptors in the corpus cavernosum are of the ?1 type. Blockade of pre-synaptic ?2 receptors facilitates the release of several neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system -- thus in the corpus cavernosum -- such as nitric oxide and norepinephrine. Whereas nitric oxide released in the corpus cavernosum is the major vasodilator contributing to the erectile process, norepinephrine is the major vasoconstrictor through stimulation of ?1 receptors on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Under physiologic conditions, nitric oxide attenuates norepinephrine vasoconstriction. Continuous administration of yohimbine, as opposed to on-demand administration, might result in less norepinephrine output due to increased turnover, or ?1 receptors down regulation via a feedback mechanism, not causing the vasoconstriction due to excessive norepinephrine release which can be seen often with on-demand administration. ?1 blockers prevent vasoconstriction caused by norepinephrine as well.[15]

Dosage
Anorgasmia or reduced libido: 5.4-16.2 mg a day 1-2 hours before sexual activity.[16] or 5.4 mg three times a day[17]
Erectile dysfunction: A suggested first line treatment for mild to moderate ED are a combination of 6 mg yohimbine hydrochloride and 6000 mg arginine glutamate (50% arginine, 50% glutamic acid).[18] Other doses of yohimbine alone to treat ED are 15 to 30 mg a day[19] 1-2 hours before sexual activity.[17]
Fat loss
There is no conclusive evidence for Yohimbine to be of benefit in bodybuilding or weight loss.[20]

Other uses
Yohimbine has also been used for xerostomia, as a blood pressure boosting agent in autonomic failure, and as a probe for noradrenergic activity.[unreliable medical source?]

The addition of yohimbine to fluoxetine or venlafaxine has also been found to potentiate the antidepressant action of both of these agents.[21]

Yohimbine has been used to facilitate recall of traumatic memories in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).[22] Use of yohimbine outside of therapeutic settings may not be appropriate for persons suffering from PTSD.[23] In pharmacology, yohimbine is used as a probe for ?2-adrenoceptor. In veterinary medicine, yohimbine is used to reverse anesthesia from the drug xylazine in small and large animals.

Adverse effects
Depending on dosage, yohimbine can either lower or increase systemic blood pressure, known as vasodilation and vasoconstriction respectively; small amounts of yohimbine can increase blood pressure, while large amounts can dangerously lower blood pressure.[7]

The therapeutic index of yohimbine is quite low; the range between an effective dose and a dangerous dose is very narrow.[24] A typical dose for sexual dysfunction would be 15-30 mg, whereas 100 mg would be considered dangerous. This may also lead to the precipitation of panic disorder type reactions, heart attack, and possibly death.

Hallucinations or paralysis may occur with doses greater than 40 mg.[25] Higher doses of oral yohimbine may create numerous side effects, such as rapid heart rate, overstimulation, insomnia and/or sleeplessness. Some effects in rare cases were panic attacks, hallucinations, headaches, dizziness, and skin flushing.[24]

More serious adverse effects may include seizures and renal failure. Yohimbine should not be consumed by anyone with liver, kidney, heart disease, or a psychological disorder.[24]







FEAR EXtinction!! !!!!




Facilitation of fear extinction in phobic participants with a novel cognitive enhancer: A randomized placebo controlled trial of yohimbine augmentation
Mark B. Powersa, , , Jasper A.J. Smitsb, Michael W. Ottoc, Carlijn Sandersd, Paul M.G. Emmelkampd
a Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, United States
b Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United States
c Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, United States
d Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Preliminary animal research suggests that yohimbine hydrochloride, a selective competitive alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, accelerates fear extinction and converts ineffective extinction regimens (long intertrial intervals) to effective ones. This randomized placebo controlled study examined the potential exposure enhancing effect of yohimbine hydrochloride in claustrophobic humans. Participants (71% undergraduate students and 29% community volunteers) displaying marked claustrophobic fear (n = 24) were treated with 2 1-h in vivo exposure sessions. Participants were randomly allocated to take 10.8 mg yohimbine hydrochloride (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) prior to each exposure session. Outcome measures included peak fear during a behavioral avoidance task, the Claustrophobia Questionnaire, and the Claustrophobic Concerns Questionnaire. Results showed that both conditions improved significantly at post-treatment with no significant difference between groups. Consistent with prediction the group that took yohimbine hydrochloride prior to exposure sessions showed significantly greater improvement in peak fear at the one-week follow-up behavioral assessment (d = 1.68). This was also true across other outcome measures with large to very large effect sizes. These data provide initial support for exposure enhancing effect of single-dose yohimbine hydrochloride in a clinical application.
 
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