Arachidonic Acid Supplementation Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Growth

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Arachidonic acid supplementation enhances in vitro skeletal muscle cell growth via a COX-2-dependent pathway

Abstract

"Arachidonic acid (AA) is the metabolic precursor to a diverse range of downstream bioactive lipid mediators. A positive or negative influence of individual eicosanoid species [e.g., prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids] has been implicated in skeletal muscle cell growth and development. The collective role of AA-derived metabolites in physiological states of skeletal muscle growth/atrophy remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the direct effect of free AA supplementation and subsequent eicosanoid biosynthesis on skeletal myocyte growth in vitro. C2C12 (mouse) skeletal myocytes induced to differentiate with supplemental AA exhibited dose-dependent increases in the size, myonuclear content, and protein accretion of developing myotubes, independent of changes in cell density or the rate/extent of myogenic differentiation. Nonselective (indomethacin) or cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-selective (NS-398) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs blunted basal myogenesis, an effect that was amplified in the presence of supplemental free AA substrate. The stimulatory effects of AA persisted in preexisting myotubes via a COX-2-dependent (NS-389-sensitive) pathway, specifically implying dependency on downstream PG biosynthesis. AA-stimulated growth was associated with markedly increased secretion of PGF2α and PGE2; however, incubation of myocytes with PG-rich conditioned medium failed to mimic the effects of direct AA supplementation. In vitro AA supplementation stimulates PG release and skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy via a COX-2-dependent pathway."
 

mr.cooper69

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This is one of the primary reasons why I prefer the original XF to XFA...boswellia is a fairly well-documented COX-2 inhibitor
 
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This is one of the primary reasons why I prefer the original XF to XFA...boswellia is a fairly well-documented COX-2 inhibitor
Certainly understandable, Im a big fan of the original as well. However, the boswellia seems to knock out the joint pain entirely for most users, making it a more accessible version to the masses who may not be willing to use ArA if they get a side effect such as joint pain from it.
 

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